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ϣľ衣ɫĳƮӭվ˫ŨܵĽ΢΢֣ǳЦƿյʲҲץסҲΪһ֣ԭ鸡Ľ¸ǲȣʯӸ¡

⣡ӴҴҶϾǽŵǵɫǰˣ

ǳһЦĿ᣺Ľݹӡ

ĽӰü΢Ϊ껰衣С߽պң⣬𶯡

ССĽݹӣİɢڿУЦõúƲڡ

⡭ĽӰһʹҵĴ¿ʼ

ݸˮĽݹӣ˵һֻΪһ˻üϡɽ˺ĶԱѣΪһ᣿

⣡ĽӰ˺ķѵش󺰣þȫѸǰȥǓk˵һƬ½ǣ

ֻؿİ´ǰƮ롣ĿһİǷȫӭ΢أĬأСͬһȥء



һᣬĽɽׯׯĽӰľӪ»ٳɳȻΪһɽׯ֮һĽӰӰ佣Ҷ룬ÿÿΪ׽ס˽УȴٿתΪʿ˶ϣѧ佣ɣĽӰӲ⴫

ĽӰʮ壬书ȴ뻯ԴһǰĳһգԸ䣬ԭ׺ͽ˵յѪ飬û֪ȷתԭֻգĽӰɻ飬ĽӰС˳ưӵͬʱ¡

ӵˣ֮˻µһ֮İӣȻԾ£ʬһʱ类ϺʳĿټˡԣ˼һӴˮбذӵʬᣬ֪ǻں޻ΣữˮӰӵϻ⻪֡

˵ѳ飬Ҳ˵ǱĽ߱Ƶ¡˵硣գǸ鶯֮ˣΨд˵ȻС



01

磡ıĽӰȦȦʲʱȥ£뿴磡

ĽӰʱЩͷհɡ粻ϲ˴š

ƭˣشУÿ춼ȥģҲ㶼Լȥ磬У˵ɽû취ˣΪʲԼ㣿

ĽӰֵϥϣһ˲ĿЦԣΪΪ԰ȥģҲɣţ

ͷ룬ðɣǵˣһҪȥࡣ

áĽӰһս䣬վǲٻصߡ

ĽӰׯ⣬Ľɽׯֻ輸ʱ䣬ã͵ʧȥ˵ĵطľɣӰɫɣɣȴˡ

ĽӰߵǰḧҶ֪ϲľǰҲЦϲʤԼΪ³Թף֪˶ĸ飬

⡭ʱؽúôٱܻ˵Ŀ⣬Ὣĸ鱩֮£һݣĵĬĬѻ

ĽӰϥѾϰڴӰڴġֻҪһ뵽ˡľ͡

ĽӰȭͷյֱָ״Ƥ߳Ѫ

һֻֻĽӰۡüظָϸָᣬɴ£ݲ԰ؿĽӰĽӰûиоֻעǰǸȥ¿ڡ

ӰὫ׿ϣͣغӰӰԲ𡭡

֪ĽӰѹѡ뻷˫ȴ͸ĽӰ壬˸աЦԼѡֻǸ꣬룬Ҳ޷ӵ޷õӦ

վþˣûһ˿һ𡣵֪ѻ𻯣Ҳо¶ȡ

һֻ￴ĽӰ廳ȴʲᶼû취û취뿪һոһգظ¡ԼһεĿĽӰʹıˣȴû취ı֡

ǰ˵ɱˣظݱԼɱ̣˽⣬ж಻ܡÿĽӰԼԼĳɵͽס¡µʹʮ֮һʹ㣬û

ãĺĽӰãŻȻ񣬳ճյؿһۣ뿪

״ϽȥḽĽӰϣԶԶؿǻǣֻ֣ף޷һ·ָķȰڵʱʱͣǰЯֽεӣҲǣ֡

ͻȻⱻһ˻ûзصڵأһʱ䣬㶵ؿĽӰԶߣֱӰˣ¶һ˿Цѽ޷߳ĽӰؼˡ

ֻոһա긴һظֹıˡ

Ȼػص¿ڣӭ磬ϸķ˿һŵط衣ͻȻһֵԤУͷƼڿ

ԭ⣬Ϊ˲ܿõǹã˵ǽϣȷڿ

ǿüңʵ

ЦؿڣǵȻü㡣

һ˵Ļġ

ϸ˼һ󣬡ǡǴ˵еĺڰ޳᣿

¶ˡɫȻ׵ˣЦӯӯȴȺӸ׽

Ҫ᣿ͻȻټĽӰһֻۣǲˡϧҲˡ

˳վ˵ǰص˵ͷǾ鷳ˡ

޳óһף缱Ȼ˻޳Ȼ£

޳üԭ̿˼֣ʲ֣

ⲻԣ˳ӵش⡣

⡭޳Ҳɫ£һӣԽɫԽѿ⡭Ҹþ̧Ŀ㾹Ȼкüʮģ

էϢ⾪ò֪룬ңǿ̣ɫȻ¶

ԭԾ޳ߣǲм

ǡʹԾҲɡ޳˿޳ʵ㣬ò꣬ҪҲˣ˵Ҫ죿

޳ǳ鶯㡭㻹˵㡭

޳εЦЦ֪ҵĴˣ취

£ҲֻаҸ壬ػꡣ

ϲʤҡԸ

ǵġ޳Ǹε˵ǰ²˷һ

˵⼸̲סЦ⡣ԸʹԡԣӰѾɻˣҲı䡭

һϲһ°˵ı飬޳ЩĪ˵ɣȥҸ塣

šº͵ͷ

Ҳաǰ£̡ѲĽӰˣӰĻںܣˣ͹ˣٶʲᡣͬΪӣӦ֪һأ̫ˡ

ȻĻᣬӦиµ

˼ˣȻЦβڰ޳·ȥ



02

һһ߳¡ԭЩԥһ̤ȥֻᱻ¶̤һȻ뿪ˡȻ֪Ǻڰ޳İҲϲ

ĿⲻԶĽɽׯ͡ϣ᲻ҪٵңúôӡľᡣֻһǰԵϣԱ춳İ

֪˶ãֻǲ˵ĽŲҲҪȥġ˽Уܾû˵ⲻش˷һиǰûʲ֣֡ǰӰ

ֲ䣬ȴʲҲûӰ͸壬ֻ̬޷֪壬ӰǷ񻹻ᱣֻߣѾʬᡣ

һǰ֣һ߲ĵߣֱһֵһéдŷԼ˸̺Ĵ䡣ڰ޳ʹͣ˲Ŷ룬Ҳȥ

PĿߣ˵ĿдЩɣ㲻Զﰡ

ɩڰ˳䣬Ѿ

˵ģܡܣذοԼƿǣסԼĶӣǱߣûֻ˯˶ѣ

ɩ

ϸϸؿӣƵЩƤǬûһ˿ѪɫüйɺɫϢóѾǸ˵ʲҲ֣ƫϢӲҪ˵˽ᡣ

޳˿ͬشҡҡͷǬꣿǲҴˣ

Բڣӽʬֻ㡣ǸոãǸպá޳Ȼ˵

޳׵ӣдʣĺó󰡡

⵹⣬ʵϣγӰԼҲʮŮŻõµһ˵ĳƺţԼϲԼĳ࣬ÿÿҪ⽫üëŨЩŸҳţ򶨻ᱻΪŮӣãӵ䲻ÿޱȣ۾ϸüëȴŨüʵϢزַա

ס޳ֵܣǸͷѾܲ˼ˣʵ²òֻ롭лܹúûһΡһη˽Ŀɹֻܿʲᶼľһξ͹ˡ

޳˺ߣ֪Ŀɹ󣬾Ͳ

˻ǸЦ

˶˵ˣ޳᲻Ҳֻڣκ޳ʩչ֮Ľ£оԼһǿߣ˻֮ûʶ

ʱֻûʹͷʹѣ֫йظоƺ˽Լ˼תټ˺ڰ޳֮¡ԼѾɹ³˼֮⻹имֻϧټڰˣصúõл

ţ᣿ϲڶʣǸˡ

ǿԼ۾ᳶ¶һЦݣϣǸ˷ġ

ۣʬ䰡˴һҵܲ

⡣ᱻ˵ɹȥյɣ

˵ؿ⣬ϵ⣬Ҿ˵ҶûǾǲţ

ʿˮſԣоƵʹǬɬ޷

ˮҪˮֻȵؿˣϣ⡣

ˣţ˻δϲлָããȻؿ⼱еı顣

ˡװɣ

Ŭ̧֣ڸ˵д¡ˮ֡

һʲ᣿

⾪ˡò᲻ʶְɡ 


е˸ԽԽԺԣ̲סץץ˵䣬ȫһ龡ƵģԴһᣬֻ˹ȥ



03

ģ

ٴһͷ

еʹУ²ǶҩǡǷǱҩͷʹոӦʹ޳ģ˵ֶû㶮ҪΨһ֪ģֻ֩š

ӽᣬҪ⡻֣úõصš

۾Щɣգ˼£ԣһִֻģȻ˯

⶯˶Ƶغ

΢΢˶۽ޣԺۣһӵɴ۾ţˣˣ̫ˣ

ۼҪæ˵ˣ룬˵ʲᶼǵˣ

װʧ䣬ⱻ˷Լһꡣ

һ£㲻ǵˣ

Щڵصšö鶼벻ˡԸ𣿡е˽ˡ

ɫŹֵض૵˵ͻȻòˡ

һٿڡ

Ƭ̣˻ɫº͵ֱˣոպãȱ࣬¾ȥɣòã

ſڣỹǵͷ

ȥ࣬Ȼ΢Цȥ

ѵţʲ᲻׵Ĺȥ²⣬ոո˵˼ƺϣ˹ȥ£ᣬ˼пɱˡ⵹û˾ȻһģһӦòɣҲΪɣ

ⰵԺЦͻȻ־ͷǬѵƶϵ衣ˮǬɬĸоŵ滺Щſʼéᣬǳªֻľһӣõʱᵹµӡ

ѳĴүӡ

ţһͷðͷԵˣ

߾ȻǸкͿʮ꣬΢΢죬ϲɫʣ˭

кƬ̣ʵţҩɵˣ㶼ʶϴ󣡡

ϴѲǴ磿ԣͱСöˡ

¶ɣк˿Ȳ˵øлң֪ͨɩҪѳɱˣ

Ϊ飿û뵽ǰţһ˰ֻ˵㣬ĻᡣһֱĻмġ

˼Ǹ¡ȫ֮ǰ£Ը˵˵ΪʲҪɱ᣿εע

Ҿ;ùֵֹģȻûкƶ˵ݵؿ粽ϴһԣ̵̵㡣

˵ҲǸʮͷˣСĺʹ֡ŤŤģΪ˽״ⲻòϴԹڡ硻ߣ׼̡

ҿ˵ҪӦ᲻ɱҲҪ㡣

΢ЦȻ

кֵֹؿһۣﹾЩʲᣬŵΪϲŮ˼ˣ̸ĸ飬Ů˵ͱ䣬һӷ֦ͷˣͲҪûǮûƵļһˡ˵Ů˰лûж

ͣۼкƪۣȻϵ֪ˣлл㡣

ֻԼԭֻҪɱʲᶼ̸ԼԼ˽磬û취Ӧ˵Ҳ򵥣ܷˡ

кŬŬ죬Ϊأ˭֪ûò

Ц

ЦЦʲЦкͷɱһͿˣ

Ͳֹа顣ƽ֮ǰִ̫ŹһأҶúϧε

кһŹ֣һǾ⣬һǳҩԵġ

Ҳɡⲻ⣬΢Цʵ̨

̨Ȼҵֶˣкĵض˶˵ҵС㡣

ͷк֡

ĶˣС㲻ŵӡ

ǰǰȫˣ͵Ͷ̥һ顭Цӽµİţָ̡



04

ΪѾһˣ⽥ϰǵʵҪ׸ԼϺͱȥ˼Ҽֱɫȫ˲ܻ

Աϰߣǿǰ賿ͻ𴲣ʱ䣬ȻӰһ̸˵أʫԣ罺ᡣ

ĽӰ÷ĽݼҸڽһһġΪӰԼǼжӣ׿ܾͲϰ䣬ʹЩ书ȴȲӰֻż˼ʤӰĽӰСĽ

ĽӰԣǱʡǰСӰΪĿǰһһֱԼ

Ľʱ𽥶ѻȴⷢʱ棬޷԰Ρ

ӵӰİ飬Ϊ룬ȴĳһˣҸÿȥҲ죬Ľҵĵһӣſܲɻ飬ȴٶ۵ɻ鵱ղŵ֪ʱ顣

һο̹ġĶϳİᣬȻʯԼǲٰϱˣɩҲֵеʮΡʱΪĸԼǳȻǲһУȴǡТΪ󡻵⣬ƫƫԼԶģѡ

һãŵ׾Ϳʼ֪һƬ⣬ڱĹȥʼղǰţ⣬̲֪ͨ⣬һֻᰮһˣʹ˲

ɣ˷˼˽⡣

֪ʲᡣ֪Լ˭ˣ˵ҪţֵòȫҪ⣬ֲţԼš

̾Ϣʱ˼ľȵذ¯ԣ⿪ʼѧϰ󷹡

һձһղܶ飬ҪԼȻһˣףϵĹǡ

šţ

лõͷĺˮ̧ͷſڣͼСɱڵеֽţϲͣС

Цؿһεӣʣˣʲ𣿡

̫ˣȥҶˣСתȦȦֱ۴д֡

Ҷеֻ֣ǸҶʲø˵ģ

С㲻̬ȣŭĿ۵أʲ˼ƲҶ𣿡

޹ûС

ҰɲͨļҶС֪ĵļҶĽɽׯĽɽׯҮʶôˡ

һ𣬶ʱʧȥ

СȻ˵ǣɱ˵ϴĲ㣬Ұ㱨ŶʱõӣɩҲͲˣ԰ɽׯסأ

ĽݡĽݡˣֱײӣȻʧ˻ꡣ

Сʵ̫𣿡

ЦҡͷҡҲȥ

ʲᣡ㲻ܲȥС󾪣ץҡҪҪأ

ѣȻص˵ҲԸȥǲܡ

ټӰ

ټӰԼûܰѳסԼ

ò׾

ȥҲͲʹ

δϵ˰̣ͷΣ

ҲĻСߵϣѾָʹˣҲܻǲܣȥɣ

ɫ˵Ҳȥ

ɡ

Сŭ壺ǲҷǰɣ

ʲᶼ㣬£ܡϸϸ˵Ȼ֮ȻѹСơ

㡭㡭ߣҲˣСһ²ֻ̨ôȥ

СӰһʧſڣ̾

û֪κ˶뵽ĽɽׯƮһʱ޿ӰȥڣȥˣΣ

Ͳˡ


5

Сڸˡ

ѾûȥҲҲˣⲻСһĸûˣ֪˶С㴦ã̫ʹˣӾ˸ͬҲͽԶֻаʵС

ȥ

֣øһӼƽϡңȥĽݼңҲᱻ¼ȡĽӰʲ᣿

šĺᴫͷͿĵزţ

Ͻǰ岻ã᲻ڴϢ

￴⼸춼겻ģʲ᣿ɩп⣬ϵ˫˸ǲʲᡭ

΢㶣ЦûУģҲѰˡ

ǰѾ˸񣬾ѰֲֻǸţҪҲû취
 

ǰС˵Ҫ㵽Ľɽׯ£ܾˡ΢΢ƿӣɩε˵㲻ùʲġ

Цû£ˡ

ʵԼ⣬ܹκˡ

С㳳ܣ

⡭һʱҲ˵εصȷȥЪϢá

ɩοصͷԽԽ£Ҳͷˡȿȡ

⿴ɫ԰ףϽţڴϣ˱ȵȲ衣

ɩӹ裬ȣȴؿ

ˣ

˺ܶ࣬ҲǳˡɩЩЩѹ

Լ֪ΪǰԼû취Т˳ĸ鵽ɩϣֻϣֲΡĸ飬֪Ȼضԭɩ΢ΣǴ氢ţҲڶԼ

ɩԽԽԾֻ岻ãֿް취

ƽһ޲ߣʲᶼûУͽһֻֻɣǮҲֻ㹻еĿܸ

ǲǡԼĸȥĽɽׯ£

ϾԼѾһ飬£Ϊʲ᲻ܷ

ðڣסߵˣȥִǰ״˵ҪʵУѡ

Լûġ

֮ʣɩͻȻſںС㣡ˣ

ſڣͼСŤŤߣĵصһۣҪⲽ

⼸ȥˣ˿ͬʱʵ

ʲ£ɩġСҡڵߵߣοʣɩ

ɩǺЦʲʱˣС죬ֽ˵áܺãǰŵˣ⼸һֱſڣͲûʯˡ

ʲ

ߣҲᵣģ˵˵Сǻ̲ס

ɩǣ˵֣һ˵ǺϺðɣ𳳼ˡ

СŤŤһۣ۵ҿǿɩϲԭģ

úúã¸м΢Ц

СȻƲͷȥ

ⲻ⣬ѯʣɩ˵ˣŰ͸С㵽Ľݼ°ɣ˲ϴԭ̤ĽݼҴҵ˵Сܹͷ

Ϊѣҡ

㲻ԸˣΪϣһȥС˵ɫֳˡ

ɩҲͬؿ

˼˻˿ڣõģһȥӦ粻ϣɾͲˡ

СչգĵԴ

ᣬǽʰʰվ·ɡ

Ľɽׯжξ룬ҪһһҹŻִ

õģЦȴɬ

ӰϣУŹţ··ɡ



06

С㡢С㣬ѣõС㷢ϵ¶ˮ

СԺؿ˿ƺ̫Լںδ죬˶⻳У˯ްȡ

ԭͳ˿̸ǲ˯ߡΪԼһûֵܣС㵱ܵܰ㿴ǧ˳С춳е

һҹߣҹ˺ò׸·Ľɽׯ£δüɽҹԼ̲㣬ֻ˯һޡΪ˿СůСһԼȴ

ԼĶͷ΢̣еΡ

ϣɽڵû书ǰ

ɫЩļС㣬˵С㣬㲻˵ܳٵᣬҪǳٵˣᱻ޳ʸġ

Сü͵ػ˻֡Ƭ̣ѣȻʲʱˣ

˿ü䣬˵أ

Сɫ΢㲻ң

ҺͽˡЦӯӯص٩ɾ

ϧ˵ЦûʶСŭĿӡ

ãǣһ·ɡڨڨЦݣⲻصٵˣȥҲ᣿

Ϊһ𣿡СҴʰ£㱳ǰߣھͳܵģ

ܵɽ

ҡҡͷεЦ

ʼջ

ʱصɽׯſڣϤĳⲻ硣ݷЦڶʡ

ֻ籯ȣ
fȴģȴױ䡣
ɽ룬ҹղԹ
籡ҽ¶֦Ը

ͣڳǿ续ϣС޲£ûνǷǵ£һõξ˿̣ȴȫǡ

ιιС㶣ָ˴֣ˣ

ûС⵭һЦȴû˿Ц⣬ǽȥɡ

ͦţ粽ǰţСȴ˵ɣϢ

ⲻÿɷ

Ƭ̹ᣬ˱ܹܼ˽ȥ

էȻܹϤݣҪˣǡʮĹܼҰվסΣֻİˡʲᣬţʲᶼ

ܹߣڣһɨۣСڲ˵춼á

Ϊγٵɳȴܹʵ

С㲻ǸӣƽȻţ˿Ҳ˵

֪ܹܾǿѣͦصҹ¶أû˯ã糿ˡܹܣǲĵģĺܱǸ

ܹŽĿתɫƵӣü˵㲻֪ӦĶҪò𣿡

С㶵أ

ϵȣ²ĽĽݼҵһѣûҪӦҶ

С۾ɵøԲˡ

Сһѣ˵㾡ȥҡ

С㲻ˣ͵ϸߣǲ

С㣡

С㲻˵ΪʲҪ࣬²Ҫ

һ̾嶼ģС֪ⷽʶ̫١Сòʵڲ㣬СҲ㿡ʣ̬ȴ󷽣ҲлܹĽݼµԭɡ

ԾǬӣ벻Ծ

ʵڲ볤˵أСǼޡ

СǲԸŹȻܹܳ඼СһڽܹżӦϼ䣬ͰСðȴЭ˫ֲ¡Ȱ⣬ÿÿֱСɻȥ

ܹܣʲ᣿ȵɤıᴫ䣬ȴ쵽Ŀ

ɤϸʫ꺮ů

ɤ鱸ز޾İ

ɤض⡣

⡣Ӱ

񣬸һ˱ֹ°ݷڳЦ͵صĲһĵӿⲻС߽סֱۣ֧סԼ

۾ǣ

ɣվǶ㲻

˻˵Ժ϶Դ˽

˭˲һ˿ʣеظо˵߷ϣ̲סһ

ϸ΢ĲȻ㲻˵۾ʵʲ᣿

ΪʲᡭĮأļһǫѷشˡ

ѵȢףɲ

ҧ˴꣬ƿ

ĿˣȻĽӰ

ǰ£ӱ᣿޴ӡ
 
07

֮ʣڷҪοڣͻͷȵصСϡ

ţ㡢̣С㾪

ˡ粻裬ȻӰǰˡеաӰĳֶĳ̫ˡû취ݸ顣ټӣʶɣֻ֪С㱧ס̸ڶ߻ȴϸ

ĽӰؿڵϵˣɫû˿䶯˵ͷ˾뿪ͨҡ

ܹܹӦǡ

Сļ٣ҪⱧȴؿܹܡܹܼĽӰ˵΢һ˽⿸

оԼ˿ϸ΢ض˶ڣСû˵ʲᡣ

ţ˵ʲ᣿

ûлӦ

ĽӰȴüȵȡ

̾ͣ½ŲĽӰǰϸһƣаŵķɫƣ۾ϸЩ촽԰׵ƽ˵ǳªĽӰһŻ˴ߡСҲˡ

ĽӰĿ˼

ܹܸеֵʵׯʲ𣿡

û¡ȥ°ɡĽӰܵش

ǡܹԸˡ

ոպġǡӰ᣿

ԴȥᣬҲû˺ˡ

ĽӰĿȴȥķ򣬱ÿ뷨



ģƺһֱڸŪⲻţ̧صֲ˲һЦۣһŷŴǰ

٣档һˮСŮϣСâɦŪıǼ⣬һҲû飬Ů̽¿Ļȡ

ⲻŵգգ۾գգƵ̾ͱסۿ졣

ſҡ˸ﱧ

һֱͷ⣬ûټˮ˶˵˵һعԼʱ֣æͷſڵصԲС㣬ˡ

еĪضֺʣﱧң

ҡʱɲ֪ˡ

㡢ģˮСһ۴

˭ⲻ䷿˭ƽʱˣԵ

Сܵǰһѳסͷϣȥȥȥҳȥ

ȻʧɫҪǰ裬һѣֳԴǰɫһΣ´

ǸҪ´ˣ鲻Ըߵˣش󺰡

СԻͷÿ⾪յջӵĻ棬Ҳ˲ػȥ㻹ڷأʲἱ

⸧ѣԴ㲻֪˭

˭С㲻ĵʵΪȻǸСðˣʲ˲õ֡

̾ϢصĽݼҵС㣬ĻᣬĽӰΨһá

С㻳ɵشĽᣬͼЦһֵӣʲҴСʣ

Ҳ˲ӣҡҡλε˴ᡭĽС㣬ĵɷҪӰšׯ

תת۾ΣЦãҴӦ㲻߸磬

˽⿴ת֪Ѿͷڴ⣬ҲβΣֻʵ

ĵЦҪ棬ҵİ



08

⻹δشСͼܣ

²ֹˣҲСΪ˶û˵ңһֱϣĽݼµᣬͻȻָı⣿

С㵲ǰøߵǾҪˣ

㲻ǡ¶ɻʣֱСϣ˵һȥɺãûʸ飡

ⱻư뼷ŪشϣӶǵʵСһֽϣõ᣺úϢ

ͷһů֪Сĺ⣬мض΢Ц

С㲻ȻƲͷݺݵض㻹ߣ

µؿǵһһͻȻСƫ

㣡

ҿλܺõҩร㲻ϣĲϿ᣿ѵʹĻȻСһӾһ롣

ģСԳɵʡ

Сϵٷ۴Ը˵Ľݼҵһ˵һһԾŶ

С㿴˿⣬׳ʿ˵ðɡǣ£ҪԸԾ

áЦӯӯˬشӦᣬȥҸ磡ǲ׼͵ร˵ı˳ȥ

а̾£ҪĽӰעԼˡ

Ĳ²Ȼһʱᣬʹ˱ƽĽӰֻ֪ÿĽӰֵԽƽʹеĻԽΨһãһСκ˺İ˵ĽӽȻĽӰĽġ

⼱æҪ´ĽӰȴҡֵ㲻Ҵ˴㡣

ĽӰĿŵǡǾллׯˡ

ǰ˵õĴģҽܺõġ

΢΢Ц

С䱸˻ȷֻǸͷκΣգ·ӡԴˣָжС㼫ΪҲʮǺ£ƺе㲻ԾҲ˵

üĿͰЦǺأֻǸȾ˵纮ҿҩ˾ͺˡ

صлл򡣡

ǺЦûʲᡣЩпܾûʵˡ֪ΪΣܾòƽЩϤûϵǷĺĳˡһѾõĹˡ

Ҳ΢ɽׯһһľÿһʶȴϣΨЦЦش˵ʲᡣ

һֱĬĽӰͻȻ˿ڣĪãȥˡ

㶣ЦЦ֮¡ĽӰⷬı䣬⡣Ͼ˵Ľ֮˲֪ˣҲǲ¡һº͵Įܹ˭أ

һߣ;Ŀʮѹܣ˿ЦĽׯܱǸҡǲõҩԻ뿪ллׯչˣʮָм

ʲ֣

ûϵĽӰͻȻʳ仰磬ʲ᣿

Ҳ˵һ顣ĽӰɫ΢΢һׯչ֡

ֹҪ˵С㣬ɵ˵²һˣҡ

˼ǣׯûʸ֪ˣ

üΪĽӰڵԸеĺ壬һ֡

ĽӰɫ䣬ֳûнӻ˼̾ͳĽӰ磬Ҫҵİòã

ĽӰһеıӲʣ᣿

ûСⲻ˵ѣšȷĿʶ

ĽӰ첻ԵҵС

һҪʲСˡĽӰѸٲء

磡Ůµ

ĽӰͷ¶һ˿ײЦݣɵѾͷ᲻㣿

һֻǰ¶顣ǿģû취ºʹˡ

ϲָ⣬Щٵ˵Ϊĸо񡢺񡭡ã۾Ȼ磡



09

ͻȻһƬž

֪ⲻҲʶ̧ĿĽӰ۾

ĽӰɫ΢΢ף罣һ˲˲ضϣΣʰϵǱЦһҲ񡣡

ᴹĿۼض㿪ĽӰıġ

ɵ㶵ǵؼ˵ľúȻ糤ñƯǡáЦ۾һᣡ

ĽӰͷһó˵ˣҲӦһ·˵İοʶ֡

Īرĵ粻ӦҾͲˣ

ĽӰ²֪Ӻζķŭȴûյֳϣø

ҧ꣬߬½ǣйϡ

⿴ۣȴʲᶼ˵˼Ƭ̣ԵĽС㲻⣬пյĻҡ

۾һˣã˵ˣ˵ֲ̫꣬ģܸ羯ӵ񣬳嵽СָͷǴ򹴹

ʧЦСĴָס֣š˵ˡ 


ǺڣĽӰĬ˻˵˾ߣĽݼҲfˡ˵ȥ

ĽӰıӰԽԽˡ

һʵʲʱӵģ

šͷ˼̫ȷ˵ɽ֮ɣ

ɽɬɬġΪ᣿

ҡfԵС޷޵˵ұΪҴ˶أСҲС࣬סһºҪƵģJʲ

С㣬˵˼ᣬͬصǸ鷳

С̧Ŀֵֹؿһۣ㵹Ǳ˺ܶ

ſڣ֪ôӺ˵˵ǸŰ

ιĽС㡻㻹ʲ᣿СӶ죬ſڣŲ˵İ

Ҫ߸磡

СһֽһҪ˵ȥ˵ҲŲ£⹤ҲмҪׯСۣС˵ˣͣ

С㣡ֹʱѾˣС֣عţѹĺ

ͷ𱸵ߣС̵˵ֲ

ŮҪᣬ㶼𣿡⿴ſڣۼķֵһȦһ͸ĶҴ´ʰСķԣţȻһظβ

ӵˡ

Ү

΢Цϡ

ף˴͵ؿӣĿԽ

㻹ǹ˺ԼɡСվᣬ㲡𣿡

޴ӷ

ǣ͸ҹԹԵ˯ȻᣬǸϽȥɩġС㲻ĵ˵㽫ƻطУûһۣϷš

أԷǰźܾúܾá

⣬Сޱĸое֡

ᡭʹģСչأЦãֻùԹʵϣӰбڵ˼۵ûκ¡ˡ

в⻺˯ȥ



10

ˡ

һ۾Ϳ⣬С㲻ͣԴƵƵͷ

ƿӣ´С㣬С㡣

Сۣõ𣿡

ůǳǳ΢Ц˵öˡ

ҪҪ˯һߣС㻹ǲĵģִ˴ĶͷţѾˡ

ˡ˵ھͿߡ

Ļţܾûᷢʲ޷յ顣ǰǸܵȻˣ˶Ӱ⣬Լĺǳ֮⣬ʲ¶ģһᣬȴ˼ɣԽԽԼ

ɣǲǻ˸壬Ҳˣ

ᶼǰԼ

СȻе֣ͨһҲ˵ھ̰ɡ

ԳɣǡҪĽׯ˵һ𣿡ǻǡ

ȥˡ˵ĽӰС㲻ͷصģҲûòȥڼңǸϿߡ˵֡

ĵĴС΢㶣ǰǧٴε֣Ǵֲڲģ˿ȴġ˵ʮָģС㲻˵ģҲ

С˵еĸоԴӰŴһᣬͱˡͬˣоͬˡᡢ˳ĩжĸо˲׽ֻҪһ΢Цġ

ȻģİСһ̣ġ

ԭظߣͻȻѣƵʣС㣬𣿡С㣬Ƕ᣿

С㲻ȻЦЦ㿪Ŀ˵ûС

۾

ޡΪС㻹ڵԼӣⰲ˵û£㲻ٵģһûᵥ

㶣Сɦɦ߰ɡ

ҪΪԼû£ǣס֡ԣСС˵㣬ס

ûʶС仯ԿĵЦˡ

ſڵʱܹܣһޱ飬վǣ΢΢һЩ

λʮ𾴣ǰл鷳ˣ治˼

ܹûش𣬽üĶ˶΢΢

֪ܹٶǴ⡣

С㲻֪ԱߺĽɽׯ˶һ֣

ܹûᣬԣոǸЦѾǸǵټԼĹܹܶһͷ㲽ǡ

ʲᰡܹܵ۾ͷˣ

С㡭ºȰܹܾԲǿǣһ䵭ġ

ʵ⿴ܹܶЩˡѾˡ٣ЦȻһЦݣѵÿɹ󡣴ϤĹȥⲻⰵġû뵽ڵԼҲܹһһ۵˸һЦ

οѡ

Сʼ磬ÿɷ˼粢ţʵϣ˲ø·ȥû뵽࣬СӦһû˯ˣٸ·᲻Բ

С㿴ĵǵ۹⣬Ȼģո˯ʱҲˣңԼɣû˯᣿

һ㶡ԭ֪

С΢΢ҵСӿ

ʧЦԲ𡣡

˵˵ɾ¡

ɽɫɣ裬˿Ҷ˹УӰбɫˮǹⲻͣ½Ųʧؿ¼ʣξһл졣





ףֻҪ˴һɽӽᣬĽӰ޹ϸϣĽɡǲȻʧ

ˣ

û¡ʧ˵

ϲС㿴˿±Ľݼҵ˹Ȼ֡

ҡͷҲ֡ǡ˵һƬ⡣

⵭һЦ߰ɡ

֪ӰУĴڡԶӰҲԣʹ˷֡

һһͣҹѼ

˵ҹס޵Ъ

һݣʾһ£ͷһƣţ

˿ԭùԹԴĻɽׯĽᣬȻ

һƣ룬۾ûзſ

ľѣ֪⣬Щʧ룬

СС硭



11

ɫһЩŭԹԴɽׯỹ棿ӰĽׯأ֪𣿡

ûϵᷢ𣬿ؽҡҡֻ硭綼ο磡԰ɣɣ

һƿԡ

̥Сð̣һ֣ʲ磬ţ磡

ģϵĸоҲϴģ磡

磿Сʵ

񡭡˻˵ǡпܡƤ߰

ѹзڵ˳Ƶʵ㡭ᡭΪǡǸ硻

ΪΪ̧Լ֣ģȫֻһŪ㣬ȴһӾͿˣ㻹˵㲻𣿡

⹣˺Ҳ˵

ĬУϸ΢ԣɳɳɳɳľͻȻеһ죬Ҫ⣬æȱ˵

ɪĽŲԵʱͳ塢ˣŰΧ

ͱ𶯣һͷĺ˵

⾯ؽСᣬԴ˿̵Լû书ûֿ½ţɫɵȻ䣬侲ʣ˭ 


˿һۣĿⶨϣЦĽС㣬鷳һˡ

ǵĿǾ;Բͨǿ

ĽݼҼҴҵЩ˴ĽӰСĵ鷳ԼҲǳңԶⲢţǣ˿ֻ̲һˣҪҪܵˣԲԭԼ

С˵Ȼǵע⣬ɽȥĽׯ֪𣿡

СȻ𣿡

޿κεЦȴ̬ȼҵĻȥˣˣС㡣

С˻ԵŲҪǸûʲϵȥͺˣĽݼСðա

С㡭üˣòãҲµġ

Сֵס峺ˮȴּ۾ҧҧ춲鲻Ըصͷ

˲ͷˣϣ

һȣһԵĹӣȥֿûǺôҲϰ䣬ʽˣǿסһʱ̡

ͷ΢΢ȣС㱧һѣ󺰣׷

һƳס׷ȥˣԼҲһţ۵صڵϣ亹ֱ˱ûýɱȴͷĺ˽УҪ׷Ҫŷ޷޵طŹ⡣

ӹһ٣ⲢϲȫṦ˳ȥŲѡС㲻书ִܣܵеùṦ׷

ǿʹѣͷĸҲ̵һѪʪס˿ڣ˺ס˿ʱֹѪᣬҲϵƣײײ׷ȥ

һ棬СһС·Ϊ˶ϣɽֲǴˣ󣬸û취

˵СҪۿ˾Ҫ׷ǣͲԼ𣿴С㣡

ڶԺش޹գգƯĴ۾˵ֱ׳ܲ찡

СεҲұܻܵÿ٣

죬Լܾˡۣ˵һ룬ͱ

ʧȥС㾪㵵ῴ

ˡ˴Ц˵ǻܵȥ



12

׷ʱ򿴼ľһ˫˫Ŷڿذڵʾ˴ʵСԣȫûֿκηӦ

С㣡ܣȺ˼ץס˽䱸治ײĺˣһ֣СǡÿԴܡ

СȴˣڿȾѪĸᣬΣƵʣˣ

˫һ¾ͱعĺסֱץ˻ȥѵöŭ᲻ܣ

ˣС쳣ֵصûΣյĴֻȾѪ졣

촽ȫûѪɫ˿û¡ġѾץˣʵѶҲ̲Сĵǣػش

ƭˡСļؿ˿ڣû취Ҵ˵û취Ҵñס

ⱾһЦݣģȴͻȻ߬ͷһ

ߴ޺޵㣬һֱǣ㵽˭Ľݼҵʲˣ

С㼱ǸĽݼһϵҲûУҲץˣˣ

ţץĺЦصȻȥĽᣬһĽݼѲ˸ϵһߣ

ᾱһʹʧȥʶ



һӦϡ

ĽӰüϵң˼

ͻȻĽӰе֣ҹѼðЪ˲ǣǣʳָϸƵѪӳȥ̽ſڣ˵ײײһ̽Ͱ͵ر棺ׯˣСŮոշ֣С㲻ˣ

ĽӰ󾪣ɫʣ£

ɪŮ˳µ˵С췴ĺЪϢˣ糷ǣǲ֪СʲʱȥģովСķ䣬СǱӣŷִϿһˡ

Ľһֱ߱ӵϰߣźŮÿ϶ᶨʱȥǺá

ŵأ˵ĽӰɫԽѿ

˵ûСţֻпӦԵ˳ȥѡĽӰ̴ʱպû档

ĽӰһҡ֮УȵµģС㲻ڲ֪

æģɪɪ

ĽӰ˾ķֵͨͨȥ

ٴ⣬һ̵ܹˡֻʣĽӰ̴Ӿԡ

ȵһˣܹĽӰæ˸񣬾˵ׯļ˷ţׯĿ

ĽӰӹǷš

ļҡ

˼ңʲ鶼һˣ

һĽӰԻָ侲ᣬŲŷ⡣Խ¿ɫԽѿᣬֱӽֽ˺飬һƬƬѩ䵽ذϡ

ĽӰҧгݵ˵λװҪļһˣҪ죡

ǣ

ܹҲ⶯ݡݣŻӷĻ

֣쳣Ϥ

ǲǡ˵¸һ꣬Ϣվ֪˰

ܹ̾˿

ԩ



13

˸磬˴ξг

ΪʲᣬμһκӰʱأ

ǿ壬ʱ𣬾ͱӰȡˡʱҲû硣ұϾļҽ鲻ӴסĽɽׯҲ޻ȥ̽ô硭֪ڹúòáȢһǵģ˰ɡõˣĹһҸ

ΰѣȫµתѣĿľһƬʪηƵĿԼǳʪһϮĹ裬Ψһůĵطϣ΢΢¿СĻУʵ˯

ٻһ飬ûⵣǵ룬ǻĶ֪᲻չ˺һǱǻģ֪жܵĥΪӰãԼҲÿ

˶һ£ҲתѣգգۣСɪůУԹ䡭

϶㡣˻Сܼȡ¡

С㶯˶壬ʵǵװץǸĽݼҵֲ죡ǵ͸ˣ

ϣѰ𡣡Ժܴⰵ⣬ǰƱҲãǮ£Ѱ𣬿ܾҪǣˡ

һѰ𣡡СƶصǼһƷ϶ܶˡ

С㡭Цá

˵Ǽһ᲻ǰ˵ֻãǵҪ죿

΢㶡

Ӱ

ǰ϶ƶ˵ᣬڣӰĸԣɵˣЦȻ˽ӰǰԸԼ˽ˣ֪֪£಻ʤ

ҵѻش𡭡СЦΪⶼûʲ󣬲ɥ

룬ӦûǰɡҲǲܵġⰲο˵

СŬŬ죬ʱ˵Ļ

O@ĽŲҵشͷ⾯ӵС㣬ߵ

ģһ˫ѥǰʶ̧ͷȻȵؽгڣ磿

ûֻüԺš

µֲѡ

Ǵ磡磡

ΨһĴ磡Сʱµһʱĸ磬ֻǰԼӡ

궼ڽҪϣ

Ȼüû棬ϤͷĽüԼǲεĸ߹ʣ˴磬˭ӵأ۽ǵǿź룬ʾ֡˴磬Ҳûӵصɣ

ڿص˿ŵ;Уⰵƽ໹ĤҪ顣

硭ᡭץǵˡǴ硭

һ˲˲ض߽

ӵſ۽ǵĺ׺ڰаȵʡ

硭硭

̲סۿᣬǸиš

Ϊʲأ֮ᡭ

˭ӿþãƽ͵ؿڡ

Ӱ˿̵ˮΪ¡һ룬вЩӡ

ǳγ۾Ϥ˲⣬ѾѾǸĽӰˣ˼ˣսȭͷƽһ˿ŭĽݼʲϵ

˴΢΢ſڣȴ֪˵ 


Ҫ˵ʲˣԼȷˡ

ǺǼһһϵҲûУСһԾָߣ򡭡Ǿͱ٣

٣ЦаҪᱨ٣

㣡С㱻µ˵ذѻ̵

ƽеıᣬΪתƴעֻ˵ǡĹӶ԰ɣ

΢΢˼صͷû˵ʶң

ʶȻʶǡʼղϡסǻУ侲˵ǵġС֡

ε֪Ҿֵˣץﲡʡ

ⰵա졭Ϳһ磬ʲᶼˡ

ֻϹ秵ʵֻ˵ļһơһµĸоˡ

ȫţȻпŶҲм֡ļҵĳڽ֪ģҲǼ֮һ



14

֪ǲģңֲ˵ѣԴ磬ΣֻõͷܿĿ⡣

ԵƽȻĽݼҺ޹ϵΪҪ֣

ֻǳһʱ֮¡һԴеᣬ˵ѣΪĽݼҵС㣬ԻĽׯĸмԲš

˵ԼȥŵĻѻԼš

ȻֻЦȻˣĽҲһϵûУ᣿

⣬Ӳصͷ

á⣬ȥĽ

ǣ

ľ羿Ҫʲ᣿֪һؽϣʲʱ˶Թ

Со΢΢֪˵ļΪں£§ߺߵһﳤøŮһͨŮЫ£ˣֻҫʵһ汾¶ûС

㶡ζؿ֪û汾£

Ҫ汾£вС죬ǿ׼Ӳܣţ

СǺ˵˵Ҳ˳˼һͳˡ

״ЦС˵ˡֻѡ

ãҲв㡣̹ȻҲԷߡҲҪĽӰ˲ǵʱ򣬾ᡣ

գȥ

ԷֻһģʹԽԣ亹

С۽У군ոǸǼһ˵ˣ㻹ŵס𣿡

ǿס΢ЦŵסƲأġ

ﲻˣС̽˿ڣøƵģ㵽ΪʲҪĽ᣿ֵ᣿˵ࣿСɫ졣

ࣿС˺Լ·Ϊ°Ʋʣ˭ࣿ

Сܾã˵治֪Ļٵģ֮ǰҪҪھȻһ㷴ӦҲûСȥޱ˵ŮȻǾˣҸ˵Ů˶ûһöŹ㣡

ЦЦ֪ˡģЩҶǵãȻΪġ

ҪĽ᣿ѲɡСҧŵϲ

˰룬ʧЦ˵ʲ᣿ҽÿء

С˿ҲЦ˼֮ǹ̥ҪһҪҴ򣬷⻷˿ں׸Ⱦġ

עС㣬ͻȻֵлл㣬С㡣

һ˴Ӱ⣬ҲûС㣬ʵǸжѡȻСǺְԵȴػˣҲĿǰΨһˡ

һΪġңȥڲֻ֪ҪͻǣңУʵң

ڲѡ£û뵽أС޸ĸˣɵ˵߾ߡѶ֪θ롭Ҳأǰǰ㴦ˣΪ᣿

ٴѡ£ĽӰһףֻҪ֮Ҹֺγأ

˵ʲллСܻ˦ҲŲǹ㣬ֻǡֻɩĶѣ

ҲƣЦǡǣҶ֪



15

үĽׯ

Ц˿ڲ裬˶٣һ䣺ֻ׼һ˽

ǡ

ʱĽӰ󷽷˽һҲû¡

Ҳûᣬ̵غĲ衣

һʱ޻ĬؾͺԷڡЩ󲻽⣬ֲҿڡ

ĽӰȳסģ

̵غ裬һһ

ĽӰãΪ˳⣬ͳ˺޹ġ

ЦԭҲ޹ʱ֪˭ұ֤úõشЦһӣȴԾȫ֪ˣȴһŵ֪

ĽӰ˿η壬ɫȴֻҪ⣬ͲǸĸĽׯˡֻӰΨһġרӰ

ĽӰɫȻ̾Ϣҳϣ£ҵĴ

˫ŭ죬㣬ȴҪԭ㣿

ĽӰ

Ϊ㣬Ҳ֣Ҳ̲סǰĽӰӣ˵Ҫңõҡ˵ᣬȻ˻𣺡һ涼ûʮûˣҾ͵Ҹһ̣ˣ

޷ĽӰҲ˫Ŀ죬ҲϣˣҲٱʹҰұ

ȥһƲ㻹ʸ̸𣿡

ĽӰ£ҲʧȥֻҪɱң㴦á

ǡҾɱ㣡

ԣĽӰؿҵΣұĽɽׯ

ЦҺα㡣ĽɽׯʲᶼǣһָͷȲϡ

ĽӰûκζȵѾʧȥģʧȥŷģǰΪֻҪͷͻῴů΢Ц԰İϯ̰ûڣһЦ̡

ԭã˿ַһƢ̹˲٣ҲԻָ˱ʣ䵭ؿƬ̣ԹԵ˻ȥƽú񷽲ŷ˸

ȥĽ˵룬ֵҲ

ǡ

ĽӰȻɻ˵֣һϲʣ£һϵҲûС԰ˣֻʣ飬ûٷָˡ

ܿģ˾ͱĽӰһɥرסļ٣ǰ˭֪ȴ˵סˡȻ֪Щ˵סĽӰĽӰϾмʶ֪˿̲Ҳͣ

̧ۣۿˮ硭

ĽӰסĽԣȻʹȥ

ȴҡͷĽӰĻɣˣ𣿡

ҡҪ硭˺öѪ¡

˵רƺĽӰǱץסʱʹ֣ŵԿڣʲ磡²棡

Ҳڴ㵡Ϊеġ硻һӣû⣬ĽӰķӦʾ˲˶ѡ

˵˭磿

İˣʱµһεذڳº͵ɫûгЧ

ĽӰ伤Ҳ£ʵ˵硭˭أ

ʱǡһ˴˽һǿϵĲŵԽ룬Ͻغ˺öѪ

˱ͬʱϿȥ

ȴҲŲסһͻ赹ڵء



16

ĽӰһµӰ֪ΪԺбӳʱµĨǳ΢Цһۣһһѽᱧļض򣡿򡣡

δƽһʱȻ㶵ӦĽӰĻȥ

ף˳һҲ񳿹⣬ӹҲʾʶ书ŻȫûֿĽӰŵ̬£Ҳȷ׼õķ䣬ס

⡭ĻģƿȼһϣᣬֿЦأ



ĽӰֱŵϣƽЩָᣬֻԼŵľٶããȻԼƣĽӰƵϵ˵ӣƵƤʱ˵԰ףûаǾɫò

ڴأĽӰĪأ븧

ü

ûһ

⡣ʬɥʧůȻԼģǿҲ

˵۾۵ʱֳĸо˵۾һģһǺؿˣͷĲƣˮƵģˮ̶͡ 

ȴ۾˵ʣ˵̬ȣʮΪһ䣬ʱ޿̲һһһ̵ֱԺ˵ʱ촽ǿúСģȴֲʧᣬÿһ仰롣һһ



ƾʲ⣬ʲʸ⣿

˼ˣĽӰŭˣԼղŵ룬׳һ

Ϊ̫ǲغ˼롣

ϣĲˡҲ

⣬԰ɣƽʡ

šĽӰûлͷƽȣأ

ЦͻطˡΪ׾ȥ

ĽӰȻûΪ

ͷҲ⡣˵ЩȻΪǳ⣬᲻̫ˣ

ĽӰȻڣûòͲ᣿

һ£Ϭܡ۱ʲҵĳ⡣

ġ

ʲ᣿

ҵġĽӰһĨЦҵĳ⡣

Ҫɻǿ㲻ˡ

ûгɻ顣

Ȼʲ᣿

ĽӰԶ΢Ц˵ûгɻ顣Ⱳӣֻгһˡ

һƣ˵һΡ

ĽӰ׺죬ѪɫȻ᣺Ⱳӣֻгһˡ

ȣʮ˵һΡ

Ҳɻ顣Ⱳӣֻгһˡ

ȣĽӰʼղĿڡ

ܻȭͷա

׼˵

ⱲӣֻгһˡĽӰЦⰮҡ

٣ǿסɱŭûʸ˵㺦˳⣡

ˣҲˡĽӰƽڻȪ·ϵңȵ˼̳ɽׯұȥ

ȻĽӰɫ֪˵ġ

֪ԳĲ飬㾡ǷģҲѡ

ΪֻҪ⼸ƣһʹ𣿡

ĽӰЦû

ԽԽƽҲЦһΪĸ磬ûʵŭ

ȭͷˣҲһʶ˵ŭˡ

ĽӰ״˻ͷֿ˿⣬ջǲ˳ȥ

ûпŵǿ̣۾˿



17

ȷǶˣĬĬ

ûгɻ顭

˫ĿͣԴһƬհס

ΪһӰȻ䵭ǻúõضԴӡᶼϵΪīسɹӰȻ᲻סϢ⡢̳⣬ӰҲûҪࡣǰΪӰΣҲΪһУڣˡ

ḧ̫Ѩͷϵ˻ۡ

ģۡ

Ӱ˵ЩʱǿҵǻȥӵӰҪƲסģûúܺã⡣

ǣȲ۴˻˵ԼţӰˣĺӰƾԲ

ȴˡˡ

һˣǵõӵУҸ֡Ѿһ£ĽӰһΣټȥˡ

ס˿ڵʹ˴취û뵽ȻΪȥĽӰ̫û뵽Ծ鷳ڣ廹ϵˣðӰϣΪ˺

ٲά衣

һθпû书ӵʵ鷳

Ҫȥߵűߣͻһһȣǡõ˵ػС

ϤϢ˰ĵļ˵ֱ۷Լ̲ס˻̧ͷ˵۾һ

ĽӰü˺Ϊʲ᣿

Ľׯ

˻ûҪȥģȻˡĽӰ𣺡ΪԼжͣ˲Σ׷ס

ĽӰ֣ǣ֪ˡԼȥ

ĽӰĬƬ̣ʲ𣿡

Ȼ̧ۿʲ᣿

ĽӰԼҲеĲǴӺζȭͷֻյ㡭һֱڶҡ

̫ᡣ

Ǹ²ϲ̫׽˸ڡǵӰǸʵˡ

һĽӰúܶ࣬ȻĻԣ׽

΢΢ſڣҪ˵ȴֻܳĬȻɬȻЦЦԻشɡ

ΪĽӰ뿪˭֪Ȼıӣȵ˿ʹ

ĽӰ״ֻǿˡ

һûֹֻýӲصͷǱܿĿ⣬ȥ

ĽӰ⣬Сĵؽ⿪ƾɵ˿ڲȴϣ˼θӻȡһƿɫĴƿҪȴһֻƲǺÿֹס

ĽӰ̧ͷ

ׯûʸõҩ

ףɫƿĽݼΪʥƷʸȥãʲᶼǰ

֪Ҫʲ᣿ĽӰЦ˵ڲһ㶣Ŀø㡭֪ʲ᣿

һҧҧǿЦҲµģĽݼҵҩ˵Ϻõġѵ᣿

ĽӰעһ

ЦݱΡ

磿ĽӰᴹۣס̫

ðţҡҲ֪

ǲ֪ĽӰЦ嵭ǲԸ˵

ĬؿĽӰһ˲侹Ȼ벻ߡ

ĽӰƺҲûлشĬĬصͷỬ࣬Ȱҩ

ʵһˡΣĽӰͻȻһ仰

˭֪ʣ˾ͻǣֺ˵

ĽӰָᣬСضԴ˿ڣ˵һǰ춶¡ֽ͵ɽׯɽ¡

ⲻ֪Լ۾ûգרעؿ

˿̵ĽӰǰδᡣ

һбɵüëʱƽ˳չ۾ϸңԶڿ㣬ȴ־ĵطԶƺ͸Լڿʲᡭ

ҲҴˡĽӰƮ㣬֣⣬ԶĹԡ

֣ˮ˫ۣԼ



18

˶ÿɬȻޱȣ޷ٷκ

Ϊ˶Լ棬Ȼϲ۰Ҳף˵ԼҪġĽݼҵļҵҫԶԶ֮ǰʱԼĵΪֻҪռһСƬؾ㹻ǡԼû취ȢһŮˣɱ

ˣûԼӰĿеĵزȻҪ

ľʹΪһ仰֡Ϊ̡

Ѿ޷ݴ˿̵ĸоֻĬĬ˫޷뿪ǸˣרעǸ˾һУ˿ԼǰӦԼһƬģȻӰ֪⣬Ӱԣӡ

ĽӰǸŵӣԼҲΪҪ˽ĻȻȻ˵˿ڣûڣĽݼҵ¾ԲڡȻ˳Ǽ£ʧˡ

ĽӰǿԼӻ⵭ЦЦкһ᣿

ѵصͷ 
춶Էеˮ⣬ĽӰѵõ˵٩֮ģᣬ˵ᶯ𣿡

˫ûд𻰡

ĽӰҲ֮㶡峺ﷺˮ⣬ĿḴѽ⡢Уǧﻯ͵ĲųƲǺÿӣĪ

ĽӰʧ֣Ƕ˵

ȣһȣĽӰعͷվſڣ

ĽӰݵջ֣ڸǰ˼ȴҲ޷ƽոաʲ᣿һ̣ƺּ˳۾ϸϸ˵޾İ

Թȥˡ´ͬʱĿⶼƿĽӰĽӰľٶ»ɲѡ

ڵʱ򣬾ʲ£

ϴǵ߹Ҫƿ˿ڣȴĽӰһҪʲ᣿

뿴ϴе£Ϸֻ뿴ˡ

ĽӰɫѿҸոѾҩͳɡ

ĽӰƣϴŵشӦǡǡ

üڸΪβô򿴿

ĽӰԼҲ֮˿ĽӰʵĽݼҵҩŲ᣿

죺ȻĽݼҵҩԴ˰ģ࿴һۣ˲ݺӡ

Ĭˣϴ⿴

⿴ϴ΢΢΢΢һЦϴ򲻽ǰøС

̫飬ʧѪ࣬˿оӣϴεؿһĽׯҩӦûʲ⣬ҿ㲹Ѫҩˡ

˳صͷл

һֱע΢΢죬˵ϤЦݸе

ˡЦݺ񳿹⡣Ϊ᣿Ϊ⣬ŻõĽӰĹעһоͺýˡû򵥡

Ͼ֪Ľݼһӳ࣬ȻԼҲңǸϲˣԭļҴĳ඼̫аȣᱻΪΪա

ĽӰϵģĳᡣʼղǸ߰˻ϲ⣬ܵĳֹǷչȥ˭֪ջǸûڵĽ֡

˵ĽӰ̬ӦҲֹ춴ˣ˵ĳ࡭ʵѵǴ֮ãҲηзŹԭ֮һò˺ѻĽݼʲǣš

ڳóĺ΢Цʵºˣ̨֪ɷ֪

ͺ޽ģֱӵҽš

Ĺ壿ŵĹţ

㶣ǡ

ЦĽӰһۣ֪ĽׯкҪ£

ĽӰջһֱߣ嵭صǣ±ˡ˶٣ֵúˡ

ⴹصͷ



19

ĽӰſᣬҲ΢ЦǣͺúЪϢ㡣

⼱ֹһ£

ͷ㿴ٲĳ˳򣬼Ʒ˿±ȶĳȻĸоɫ΢죬ȻԽԽˡ֪һֱΪ˺ŵġ

Ĺӡ硣ҧҧ˿ڡ

һĿ걻ϤİܾûкΨһ˻˻ǡѾȥԣ

ûֺһ硣˴Ю

ŵҡҡͷϾǼ˵ˣ˼ܿؾƽˣЦڴ˾סȴûԴֵܣ

δţ͵͵غ硭

ס죡ŭһƱȴֲ֪ΪεתӣĹӣ

ķмУһĿⰧ˵ؿ硭ǳⰡ

㣡

ûκʵ֡

˵Сʵڲϣ˻ΨһеķǴӴ֡ͨİţȻ޷ľֻϡɷ˽ĵģϣ˿֪ʵ֣ȫİشܲˡ

Ҫôû⡣

ߡɫ㿪ȾˡĿ¶ɱ⣬ΪҲɱ᣿

ⲻ岻£ؿ

ᶨһ˿ӶʱȷˡлУССԼ¶ͯЦݣϸϸɤ硣

硭СӰǰصƽԶ

ƾʲţǡʵ

硭ԶעһĨǳЦ£꣬ҵ½˵Ҫŷһ㣬ͬͬԸͬͬ硭Ҳãһȥ

ʧˣꡭҴİԣұһ˽ӣʲᶼѧãףӷᷣһٱ־

Цݿ䣬˫Ŀȴ᣺һǵáաΪûиסĸ׿ף٣͵˼ĵ͵͵켦ҳԡ

˵˲ֹһСʱ£Լȴ϶ʹЩڰ硭˵˵һУٺõѣİ鶼ܱѣֻˣԶ顭硭㡭᣿

һˣֱ޿ˡ

𾪵صǰˡ

᲻ԸţҲû취ƭԼ

ʱ󣬼Ȿ˲֪飬͵͵ȥ֪̽á֪һϰԡ˳ⶼ˳⡣ʡ˼룬һһӰӡ

˵ڵĻʾ⣡

ò

ǡȻϣ

ǰ΢ЦлؿС

˫ȭ֣⡭

ǵģǳ⡭ᡣ⣡ʵĴڸУǹµһˡ

ӿһУǰʵʵӵסˡ

Ȼ֮ǰĲǰ飬ȴҲжĸ֮һȴƹܲɷ֡ܣ

硭硭б춿йԲ𡭡Բ𡭡

п춲һ˱ܹ޾ͿޡЦЦĴ磬򸴺

⡭ûˡûˡۿᣬþȫȥӵʲ¶д絣

硭

һ̣⣬ӹɡ



20

ֵ֮ᣬ⼸֪޲ԣ޲鶼֪˴磬Ȼʮδȴδ裬ڸо׽ˡ

ϱӵˡ

ڴϣķĿдϧԼʧõϲá

΢ЦظĿˮ

û뵽кڰ޳ҡ˵øп֡

ֻ΢ЦƵôͷе

Ȼϴϲã⻹ǳɵʵ硭ԡ᣿

һΪʲ᣿

˵ףĽӰǺ⣬ҵõᣬĿټԣ˵ĽӰĳˣһʼûĽӰ˳۹

ҶԡҲѽ

һ£˼ãҿԷŹҲŹĽӰ

硭֣ĳ⣺ĲӰˣԼ̫ɵôҶѹҵĴ

סԴ֣뵽ֲսɵģһۡ˻⣬⣬ס԰ڵҲôչǡ

⾪ȣ硭

˵ģײϲҸʧȥ˺ദʮĻᣬڣײˣֻúõش㣬ʧȥʱ⡣

䣬ǰ֪Ѷʱʹهһ顣

֪˼ǰǣ˴εȲѣû׼ٻصǰӡ

ȱ˵ΪѣЦЦ粻㣬Ժúÿǣȣúˣһ˸ڵţعġ

Ȼƽ⡣ижлл硣

ɵϣѽ§§ļ磬ذ

⿿ڴ绳УۿʪЩȻá

һ⣬ʱԼԭĿģᣬһʱЪҲˣܿ˯ˡ

һţֳˣһ֪ڶʲı顣

ת˸䣬ĻӰķ䣬Ƭ̣㻽ˣ͵ĽӰķ䡣УηǺҲˣ׼һ䷿ЪϢ

רһе㲻š˻˼ò׽ĽץھȻˣҲ˵ʲᣬηȥ 

ɵ˯һʱѾꤣһתִۣȻĴ߿΢ЦеҲе㲻˼æ

硭᲻ң

Ҳ㡣ЦЦأбķ΢΢ҿƺܾûţ

֣һŮѭһĲɫϰߴֲ赭΢㵡ǲҪǮƵģˮͣ⿴۾ֱ

òֹͣѾֱҲŲ¡

ЩΣ磬û

ҪúòҨȺȣӿûǰĺá

ԽӹСĵغҲů

ˣƵҽϰΣ

һûлٴϰ䡭룬֪òĹػ֡Ͼ⣬ƽ޹ʵش˲ɡ

֪Ϥ˼΢ЦģҲ졣

šһúÿǵġҲܾ磬±úá

ЦЦˡ

ˣһǺӣҽ˸һ䷿Ҫ㣬˵ҲҪ˵ҲЦҡҡͷ⺢ӵĸƫ

Сֱ棬׷ġ۵˵

ᣬҲǱģҪԷƱ

ЦЦûлش

֣⾹ȻЩԱΪĽӰ᣿°ϲɫؼΪˣһƬ֡



21

˴磬ſھͿСֱһɳײ˼ֹͣ˿ڱײеʹʲҲû˵ֻ΢ЦؿС㡣

С϶ֶţȷûһͷһᣬ̧ͷ޷޵˵ɵӰ˵ʲ㶼ţǮ˼ҵ˼Ѳˣ˭̶֪ã¿̻᲻ˣ

Цġ

СȻԭίҲû͡С㿴ͻȻת̬ȣһɲѰɡ

СɵأǲǷʲҲ֪£

ЦЦСӵĵ׼һ¾С

Ц˵

ûʲᡭ

Ϊһţ˵

⡭

֮ʣһ벻ȴˡ

ĽӰһ£ȰᣬСһɴ۾⡢һɶʱģ

ʲ᣿ЦͷһЦ˲ûЩţĽĽׯ

ĽӰû˼Ƶı飬˺˵᣿

ܹĽӰ˹ģΪʱ˲ĽӰԼҵΪأֻ˸úԸȴܵûӰ

ɷϲģָоⲻԳһԼȴǰһ棬ԼֲܸĽӰϸ˵ǻǰǰ㣬롣

˶ǿ΢ЦлׯģѾ˺ܶ࣬Ĺӷǳչҡ

ĽӰüչ㣿

š

ĽӰЦһЩŪȴûʾʲᡣ

⵱Ȼ֪˼ĵжԹϵֻǵΪΪѣû뵽ڴ֮ǰѵжԶꡣ

ļҲϻھ̷棬Ľݼദͻݷע㣬ҪڵˣȻĽϵֻ֮ͻĵ߰ˡ

᣿˼һ⣬ܲ˼ĳơǰҲ˵ûȽ϶࣬ĽӰٻڣɣȥĽӰ˵ദʱ䶼ûС

ܺáĽӰüŹ

ǾͺáοеСʣҿԿ᣿

˾ţողų˯

มǾúϢɡⲻϣ

СһԷۡ

ĽӰע⵽ˣɫʲ᣿

СƲͷ뷨ǣҪΪĽӰͻؼˣĻᱻץָ˼֡

֪С˼ҲûĽӰšǣ¾ͲĽׯˡ

Էк壬ĽӰĪãڶҪߣ

ǡǵġЩĽӰ⡣

ȥģ

ҡȥ羰þûˣʮ˰ɣʮֻĽɽׯ仳ȴӡ

㡣

˵꣬˽һ㶡

ĽӰԼħȻؾ˵뷨ҲջأżĶΪҲûȥ˼еĺ塣

⾪ĽӰĸı䣬ȻáȽںˣ

ûоܾɣֻôӦǾ͡ͷĽׯˡ

ĽӰ֣˵һׯׯȥˣڲĽɽׯĽӰɡ

ĽеóڣĻɬȻصͷȴҲûк

СأҪȥ𣿡

С㿼˻ȻĽӰʵ̫ˣֻҡҡͷˣ˯ˣȥɡ

UǡҪĽӰ

ˣСеʹǱץġ

æ֣ûСǸʹɣ

ûϵС㻹ǷĲ£ͷһ۸㣬ʹУһȥ㣡

ǺЦΪ仰ģá



22

еģׯ԰жƬ֣ûľ˻԰⣬һȥȫڷڵȡˮ

ļУȻֻļһΣǵãĸǺϲֵģǧ졢ǧٹֻ֣ҪǺÿġеʵģļ޲ֻ֣һ֩

Ĳ񡭡ʵֻ֣ܺҪ֦Уܿͻ᳤󡣡ĽӰǰ˵

ᡭ⸧ҶƬմЩˮָ΢ʪУͷʣҲΪֵ֣ܺ᣿

ĽӰһƱȻ˵

⵭һЦȥע⣬޴ӷ

ĽӰΪЦݸеһϣ۾أÿӣгᡣ

ʱȴзңû뵽羹Ϊ˵ز

̾Ϣ

ĽӰؿĿһԵĿ𡭡ͻԳĸ鲢Ȼû˻ΪԼܣͬľٶΪ飬ֻĽӰš

Ҫڽһȥˮȴһᵹȥ

ͷӦǻͷ̧ͷ㿴ĽӰһɫ⣬ɻ

ĽӰûֻ֣˵Сĵȥرߺܻ

ͷҪۼջ֣ȴղ˵ȦеЩʹ

Ľׯ

ĽӰֻǿ˼ƺϣ͸ڿʲı顣ⲻϲ֮ҲеգȲ𽥵ʱӣԽĻţ˲ڣþȫһ춳֡

ҲΪɳᵹһҪԵˮͷ

ǧһ֮ʣһֱֻȦסӭͷײš

һʶԼںδæرƿ

˭֪ĽӰȻս˫ۣεذסʱˣ㶵زˣձĽӰļĽӰϢͷϣĽӰԣءؽػ

Դʲᶼ޷˼ˡ

ĽӰȻ

˫Լʶ㣬ܲͨرסǸˡǸƵˡ

ǽΣûĽӰгץס⣬Ҳû뷨

ԤУһΣ˵һμ棬뵽ӽҲˣĽӰľͿʼҡǴĿ̿ʼģǴ˵ǿ̡ǰԼԼӰ

ãһǣæѣׯſҡ

ĽӰڶһƺҲһǣǱطſ

ⴭ˺üȴֹסеĲӰΪҪʵڲ⡣ 
ʧˡĽӰҴ˵һ£㡭ȸˡ

ûֹǱʩչṦ롣

ΪĵĳС

ĽӰȥķ⻺Լ֡壬¶Ȼڣ˵ϢڡⲻӵסԼ΢΢ضոաסˡжáûиоӰˣ塭ǰֻҪһԹвģӰһӵʧ١

Ҳǡ

ӰһӵƽԴĸпͬĽӰģָĲΪǿסԼȥرӰɵġ

ԳԭԼûİֻʱˡ

Ӱˣټȥֻǰ⣬һӰΪ֪⡣



23

Ҫ뿪˴ĸ죬ĽӰͻĸ

һ糿ŸϴϣšԭΪǴĵû뵽ˣȥţӳеʵ˺һ

ĽӰϱĽᣬһ䣺ҾҪȥˣ˵һ

ᡭ죿˵ĸдҲƵľٶҪӱܣĽӰһ˵Īظеʧ䡣

ڴʲ

ĽӰĬĬؿһŵܵţϤĵطȽϰġ

˵ĽݼҵļҵȥγǲѣȻҲûʲ׼ȫܹȥȻɽׯվһ

⿴˯ףƺ̫ȵӣе㵣ģ͵˵ҲáŻˡ

͵ĲĽӰƽļ¡˵ģ뿪ᣬ;Ϊκ˶ģյȭͷָ׶УĽӰɫδֺ

һ𣬲֪Ƿлౣء

ľһ£ǿЦĽׯҲһౣء

ոʹܼңĹӳˣԡɷæת

ͷӦȻԡ

ĽӰлˡ



˵գûһƶŲؿԷû뿪Ҳ˵

뵽Ҳ̰ض࿴ۣԺѾˣȴΪһЩ΢СĵطԸ©

ĽӰǲأĿƲӰԼĽǣڻ⡣Ϊ˵ľֹͬŻãⲢʲᡣ

˶ʱһݷֹ㡣

á

Ľᷢһ߽Ű˴˼ء⻹ģĽӰЦ㻹᣿

εջߣͷûСĽׯߡ

ĽӰһ̧𲽷˼ֻͷ

ⱾؿıӰһͷ㱻ץסߣеȣĽׯ᣿

θˡ

ҼǵáǸĽɽׯӦԵģ᣿ĽӰһ£

ǵġ

ǡĽӰֱ۾˫Ŀ貣ҪĽݼ᣿

һ

ĽӰüӦԣΪ˵Ľݼҹᣬѵǣ

ҡһ˵

ĻܹһĽӰ˵ҿĽݼ¡

¼ˣǡĽݼҲǲ㡭ˣ

ĽӰĬˣ֮ҪҪ

Ҳ֪ǺáԼܣܾᣬֻɷĽӰӡ֪ĽӰʳѾǺܲףǾֻܾ»ᱻΪʶô

ֻӣʹСᣬˣлĻׯĺ⡣

ĽӰǳĬʵ㲻룿һЦΪĽݼұȲļңԡ᣿

ѵû롣

ĽӰ䣺ˣȨû˵

ߵҪ뿪ȥץס䣬ȵȣ

Ҫ

ĽӰһ㶣ߴ

һ̣ϳ鿪ԵǸԲ𣡡

ĽӰɫͻȻ͵͵˵ҺϣϣĽټҿ㡣

ⲻΪͻȻɫеԡ

ûмٴĽӰᡣ˻ùᣬϴȫûһ©

ԼЩʲᣬغˡ



24

ĽӰȥˡ

Լΰ㡣ĽӰĳǰ

Ȼһ̾˼

Լ⼸춼һӣе㵣ġҲǲ֪ԭ뵽ŭҲЩΣ޷ĽӰҲ

ҪԼ˵ڡ˵Իװ֪

⡭ˡķ㶣豭ãԼˡ

񣬴Ҵҷ²豭յ˵Բ𣬴磬֡

ЦûϵǴ˵Ļ̫ȤˣŻ񡣡

ͰͣĲ

ЦЦɵϡ

ЩơԵ޹ʾ˵ɵ

ֻһֱ΢ЦĪЩ֪롣еէ֮ǺߣֲԶĸо΢΢飬һڴʴӡ

裬ؽƿ

һСؿ磬ı뷨ദӲ㳤˵Ạ̊́ܶȻн׵ˣ춴΢΢زӦ

Ҳǡ̳ļңҲŬֻԭ̤

ĬУʱһһš

⽥زеʴӣʼݰڻصУƽ

ӡӦҲƽ޲ɣ

ˣڣѾ˽׽Ҳͻᵽˡ

̧ͷǸмлл硣

Щõü֮䲻˵лл

ֻ΢Ц

ҲûС͵ΨһĹǾǳ⣬һҲֻѨˡΪȢޣӶǴĹߣ˳еλã뷨Լǿ̣֪ˡ

˰ȻദСѵûţ²СΪյĹ۵ȻҲ֪綪С㹤ԭ򣬲ΪеһСһг𱨳ⷽ棬ͦ

Сû˴

ĻһƮ˽Ŷûã֪ǽ¼סһʼЩǩǶ˵Ĵڰɡ

ⲻô緳գȴֹ

ˣ˵ɡ˵ɵĿһġ

໹ǳһ£ŻүĽׯڻȥʱܴ̿ϮС˽ӵűǡΪ˱ãˡ

ºһ㣬ȻҪʱʱرĽӰ״֮ǰΪ˲ٷ¼ȴ

ĿƳ⣬Ȼɫˢز԰βס

ȻļҲԼأֻӵȴȥ

װûĿ⣬̾˿ʣ˵Ƕ

һͣү⣬һΨǴӵʹ˳ش˵˼ķΣأҺѾĽݼҵԶӦñסˡ

ԣ¶ĵЦݡ

áû£̫ˣĸм졣

Ļֱ񾭣ֹۡĽɽׯĽӰصϢʹĳһһţƺҪʱĽݼһ򾡡

Էߺ໰ƽղǺܵᣡ

ģҲǣҲǡ

ʵӦóĽӰأȥһġῴҪ˵ó˺ĽӰĻľ͵һΪ顣
 
25

࣬еΪѵһ⡣

׽ҪЩʲᡣ

Ȼͼ¶ټĲݷƣص磬ҪȥĽɽׯ

ĹȻҪΪӴ͸ĽӰ޽أݷڤڤ֮עܸǸˣһǣ塭̾εҡҡͷ

Ϊ粻Ӧǰס֣硭ģûɵҶӰĽӰѾˡ

ежŨصĲᰡ

Ҳ˵ƣ˼룬˵ʵĽݼҵǿ԰æġ

۾Ȼ

ǡβһתҵҪǣԲȥĽɽׯ

üͷ֡

ȻдİæϾû⡭ŴҪΰģ˵ĽӰˡһȱչˡ

ǣءע磬ܹ

üģҪȥ

Ҳϣ˼硭һȥΣ

鴤Цһ¡˭ҪȥǸĽӰѾǸԼһ

⿴ƺӣһʱҲ֪ǺáΪĽӰ飬ң벻÷ӡǰĽӰׯе£Ȼʱۣ֮¡

ڵûȥĽӰǡĽӰҪϵʱߡ

ֺγ˼أΪˣŸû취Ӧ

ؿţٸ˸һΣɲ˿ٶˮ©лټǸˡ

˶Բߣ΢ЦȱˣĽӰ鲻һʱֵҲõˣ㲻𣿡

˼ҵص˵ͷǰҪˣѾТӵȻã֪жൣġ

˼תƣֱȥҴȥ

δߣԴҵģһࡣ

Ĳ²⾹ȻδֺǸյſڣͿԶԶãĳһͣǰǰƿδ׻ı鱻³

״æ

ɩԭЩɣ̫ԼĶӻ⻧Ǯ˼ʲǣ⣬̷οǸϢˣҵ˷ݺù

ǣסŵ֣۷⣬šһ죬ͷصġ

΢㶣ͷ˿΢ЦĴ硣˵ʲᡭǵģڴ뿪ٴεء˿̣˴⣬˾ҲΪã֪ԲԹ

Ƚ˵աСĵط̤ż

ɩסΣÿÿĺŵԭ˵档

ǵڵǼ䷿ǰҾͽˣǾòʣԸ˵

ɩӣ϶ˣæΨΨŵŵص˲鷳ˣ̫Ҳһ帾סõķ䡭

Цŵ׾ҵףﲻÿˣ㻽һǾòӦͻĹӱˡ

ɩ֣תͷ⣺㡢ʲʱĹˣ

ݣ⡭

͵ҺͰһʣݰѳֵܣȻҪһġ

ɩæҡͷСû֡

΢Цѵ𣿡

ɩҡͷֱŴˡ

״εس⣺硭ͱˣЩһͣھͰЪϢɡĻǶɩ˵ġ



26

ź˯ᣬ⻺˳䣬ϷţĪ̾˿зӿǶ˵˼͵ģǲģͲؿסҹˮȴܵġ

صڵķ䣬⿴ͷĹԴеƣ漴룬˵Ǵ˵Ӱ飡Ȳشš

ߵС㣬Цӯӯʣɩ𣿡

ⰴʧܺãû

СҡԴǸĸӵദʱҮ㻹лң

ǿǣû鸽С㡣

С㿴ĲԾɻʵˣʲ𣿡

˵Ҳ鷢չûаҲСΪٷҡҡͷЦû¡

С߽һͷˡ

ƭҰƭ𣿡

εؿԼ֣ϡСһ󰸵ģƺҪƳĻɡ

û¡

Сҧ᲻ȻұСɱĶ࣬㲻ҪСң

Сӣͷᣬͬʱº͵˵С㡭û֪ҡҲǣҡûǣûнš

ʵϣеΡȡ˰ŵλãҲǱøŵĹģ֪ʵ飬û᲻

С΢΢׳հ˵ʲһأ˵磬С뵽ˣʲʱˣᶼ֪

СףʧЦһ˵

С㾾ҲҪ˵

νͣ˸ⰡѾɩһ飬ֻС㡣ɩǲôСˣֻ飬ʵѰ졣

˼֮ʣСͻȻ˵ǸĽӰ

עȫ˵Щ˵ˣ

Сرץ۵֣ἤҲ˵ˣĽɽׯ飬ǰɣ

СҲˣ˰ƺֻҪǣĽɽׯǱģϾͻԣԵľĽӰǰȫţ˵ɱԾʹ䣬ĽӰǰأĽӰһʶģ̫˽ⰢţҪΪǾʶ

ͷоζӳ¡

ҷĽӰǼһƱˣС㺬ָ룺ƺΪĹϵޣʹˣţ㵱ɱ˰ץ

æ֣еʣǵˣ˵

Сһ£ûʱе飺ֻ֪ѡ

ⲽ߹ȥ߹Сͷۻ

ΣǾʲᣬס˫ȭ¶ᶨɫᣬһæתһȥұīһȥֽС㿴Խơֲд֣ñīкô

˭֪ȻʽʮĥīñʵֺȣһҲ֣ʻӺдƮݵ֡ȻС㿴֪ȷȷʵʵ֣һǣҲ˵㻳ɡ

ԱˣҲˡܲǰ飬ҲͻȻѧ˰ɣ

Ҵдţ⿪ʼʰ

С̲סʵڸ

ûش𣬷ʵС㣬Ҫ𣿡



תͷĿ⾼ҪȥĽɽׯ

ɶСŵǡɩ죿

һæԭҵԡ⸧ģӵҲȥһ飬ʵڷŲġ

Сһץס֣ʣǸĽӰʲϵҪ㡭ɩҡ


27

С㡭ҧұ֤һ죬һ֪ģòã

ڡûĵ顣Ҳܲǵ֪ʵķӦҲǾͲϾ˰˰

С㿴ģҲģðɣ㣡Ҹȥ

ǣʰҹլۡ

Ϊû˷ֵͬʱشӰ߳Զ˵Ӱ̾˿Ȼס㡣

죬¸߹ңܵĲֵȲĽӰҪСʱͳʱעи٣ԶѲһ֣ҲˡȻ޷ֹǾɣ

΢΢ЦϣҸ



Īһͷ̵ĵ·¶ãȻɫ

Сؿʲᶼûа

ҡҡͷǴɡ

ϴ뿪Ľɽׯʱ򣬴ӲΪԼٴλңԼԸģûκǿ

ᡭ벻ǸأǿɬеΡĽӰǷᣬƺ޷֣ĽӰԴ̬ȸİ˺޲죬ҪȻܻ̲סǰһ

Ⱑ⡣ȻǸɵϡ

˼תʱ˵Ľɽׯһ·ͣͣߣʱ䣬ļͣС㱾Ҫţûȥͱˡ

㼱ʲᰡСƵ˵
 

ڸʲ᣿˵֣ʹ⼱еŶж

һͬԴȥѹѹһƬ˳ۼſڣмǰģһЩԶ¸صҡ

еЩӡĽӰЩˣǰĽӰȻ߰һºͲ˽ǣĽӰʧȥһֱӣʧȥؽͿݣˣƾĽݼҵ˲ţԣĽݼҵһǲٲ

ǰǫѷʵʸλǧĽɽׯΪ£

һӸĲ˹ȥϰߣΪĽӰֵǳ

ͷļ߿˿磬ЩмΪĽݼҵūһ˵ׯһȥ

Ͼ£ⲻ죬ػصׯϢСת档

ԭûȺ˷ĳŪ

ǲŲˣ˾ȥš˵һţ˵ľˣ˴ӣҪײš

δЩ˾ȻһҲĽӰӣֻڵ书Ҳֹǣֻܿƻš

Żûҿ˴ͷš

ͣЪһˡ

ϳܹܣҲǾ˼ɧţܹܵЩ㲣ϲͷȺƵˣܴݵ˵ׯλȥΪ˲ׯλɳλׯȺ򡣡

ǼȻ˵˽ȥҲмġҲ˸˽ȥ

ܹҪϴţϽǰܹܣң

ܹէЩ죺㣬ʲ᣿

һʱƿڣҲɡ

Сȴյؿڣæģ

ؿС㣬Сʼ磬ݷ˵㲻Ϊԭ𡻡

ܹܻɫοصðɣǽɡĽݼңҪˣˡҲܰׯ

һ򴦱䲻ܹܶ˵ˡ

Լ򡭡Ӱ֪⵽ʲ

ΣʹûûݣҪȹѹأ



28

һĽӰҰ׵ɫ

ĽӰһܽʣΪϰĹϵûԼȥǰӵ书ǾȾ纮ԣڼĽӰһʱֱɵˡ

ءΪλҪǿأ

ⰵԼΪҪɱûܰӰֵˣʱҲûʲʵá˵ĻᣬǰҵƣٻЩ˵硣

ĽӰλˣʹٲҲûֳһ˿£ü߰ͣϧЩĨĽӰ֮ǰǵ衣

ڴǰĽӰֹһαֳĸ۾ݷͷκ˵ӶֻҪΪе飬Ͳں˵ĸܡҲЩ˵ɡ

һЦĽӰڣλԶΪ£ιһֱǻⲻȥ

һͷڵ˵ׯǹ˶¡ѵׯǵϷˣ

ĽӰһƳ̾ԭүΪĽݼ⣬Ľĳأᡣ

ү߳ŭ˵ʲᣡϷ򲻹̽ׯˣ֮УĪҪѪˣ

ĽӰЦΣΣҶˣαڣʲĽӰǡ

㡭ү˵

һλȽǰĽׯ

ŷӰĽӰ豭ֶ΢΢Сϸڳ˷֡ޱӰ£ܲİɣ

ŷɫ΢䣬ǿ²ׯ˵ʲᡣ

ĽӰ΢ЦҲסһȦصΪξϲ룬ĽĳõʱûλĽĳأ

˽Ծ

⻺ءעĿؿĽӰλáСģǱۼĽӰƼˡ΢΢üһۣʲỰҲû˵

СĵߵߣеĲ豭˵Ұ㡣

豭Ѿûвˮһµġ

ĽӰͻȻЩ㱡Ҳվߣ꺮ů

ûȥѯԼϲ¿֡⻹ߵο

ĪأĽӰɫһЩɨˣλ޻˵᣿ǡĽĳҪͿˡ

һ£ŷվ˳һЦϴׯ£һֱǳڴׯ֣֪ׯɷͽ̣

ɫһסĽӰܱ䣿

δĽӰȴһЦãĽĳӮˣǡɷʱ뿪ĽĳúЪϢأ

ŷĵĽӰҲص£Ӯŷŷ˵Ҳڰָ֮һ

Ҳܻ᲻ᱩ¶֣ŷشǰ˵Ҽׯδã֪ɷС˴棬С˿ԽŷУλһط

ĽӰ죺ʲᣡ书᣿˭֪ԶԸĶ֣

ǳǳһЦȻףǰ书ⶼýӵŷСҪӰᶨĽӰܸı䡣˭ǹִء

ĽӰҪΪˡ

ǳЦݣ޷˵̬һģһҲ˵ֻѣ

ŷĽӰĻȻԭΪĽӰ֣СϺ

ŷԸصǡ¾͹ˣ

ȡ˽ĽӰԵ߱ǰֵָ̡

ŷЦؿһۣϻ˵ɣУ

䣬ŷ׵缲س֡

վԭأܡﲻԼܾ¡ܵӣΪӰҲΪԼ뱣ǱĽӰ

עӣӲؽĵһеĽ䣬סʹӲǵ˻ȥþȫŽס˵һҺǶԷ̽ԼһУûʲ

ⲻɽץؿԷ

áڶСŷЦҪڶо



29

ס֣˵ǸŮӣˮ污ˣ؋ãȵؿ⣬ߵŷԣһ:

ʲ᣿ŷΪϲӣʹЩãǿѹº͵ʵ

߬סŷ䣬Ҹ˵ġš

ŷ죺

ⲻԣĪվԭء

ͻȻȸУ̧ͷĽӰ֣𱸣ΪҪԲ

ЦЦΪ仰е˵Ƥ˵ҲֻΪѡãлġ

С㱾ľٶŵó춻ظŵ۽еšţ࣡

ɻ󣺡˭

СһεӣҾ֪Ҿ֪㶼û˵Ůˣ

Сܴ󣬼ȫҵ˶仰

ŷ¶ԵõЦݣȴΣеεؿ

ˡԭǰ۹ߣȻǸɶõĴˣȻУÿĪĽӰŮĺҲѹŷ˱ˡ

ధؿķŹɣòã

ŷӣ޵ĿȻǲ᲻ӦãҾͷŹ

żеǶӦҪҲϵŷ׵ؾͷŹҲûټ׷׸ǡ

⿴ŷȥ˿û⵽಻ʱͷĿ⣬΢Ц

ׯܹܵľע⣬ͷĽӰ˿ڣӵĻ档

ӰҲû룬ͳ˹ȥصд򣡡

һֱڷ幫ҷׯһˡܹܿһ˿ǣңȻûע⵽

õģϾ˴ֻǿöĽӰ

ǴҴҵúüĽӰһ飬Ļɫ̰ˡĽӰƹȻˣᰮǿأ

ЩһһԣѹԼµ֣ȥܹҲûҪ뿪ֻǾذСץ˳ȥ

ĽӰ۾ڴˡ

⿴ˡǰúϢʲҪ͸ҡ

ĽӰǿ۾ΪƣɫЩãȻ͵ͺ⡭

ľһȴε޹ģ־¡òᷢԼˣԼ͸¶ʲѶϢ᣿˼ŵľٶ

⡭⡭뿪ҡ

⾲ĽӰѾǲ壬֪Լڶ˭˵

һֱָֻץϷҲ뿪㡭Բᡭ

ԼԼΪ˰οӰ˵λԼԭеļΡ

ĽӰ侲Ҳ¶Цݡ
 

Ҹ㡣

ץס֡

ⲻ̾Ϣ

Ӱ㵽Ҫ

ΪԼ뿪㣬ǻˡ

ΪԼѾθ飬ÿÿ㣬ַɶ˻ػصߡ

ٵĸоֻΪһ˶ڡ

ǡҶѾûΣҲûߵɡ

Ҳաƣ뿪֮ʱ

ⰵԶԼ˵ע⵽ĽӰ֣ĽӰҪ̼֡



30

ĽӰתѣһĿľˡ

Ǹŵؿ࣬оԼЩľһʱ䡣Ȼע⵽Լ־Ȼһ𣬸ȵǣʮָۡܲɷ֡

أᱣһ˿̫ˣȻ޾øϤߣ֫

ʵڲӦãĽӰȴദκͻĸоǳȻȻݷ𱾸ˡ

ĽӰ֣ҪԵ´

ǲᣬ⻹ǸоˣԺ̧ͷ΢۾Σ¶һĽӰ۾ǼΪ΢Ц

Ӱˣ̬Ȼش˸Ƿ΢΢˸

ĽӰȻؿ

ûֵʲ᲻Ծޱ˵Ϣ㣬ȱ´㽫ҩˣٰ

ĽӰΪԼص˹ȥȻǰûһң˱Ǽҳ㷹ˣÿˣǸشǰϰߣһ£ڡ˵Ǿ㵣ҲﲻĽӰ˿̵

ݷϤƵģܿؾͳȥһٽʱĽӰһЦˣ

ĽӰȻüͷ㡭˭

һף¶ı顣

ĽӰһЩǹ𣿡

Ҳ֪˶ʵڲԼʲᡣ

Ƶ¶ãȻ飬ĽӰһ¡

ܡܣѾˣۿģȷϵģֽ볾֮УѾԶ뿪ˣ

Ϊʲ񣬾ദķΧ޼

ĻӦı飬۾͸©ᣬĽӰڼӵеġ

˼ˣĽӰŭȼգΪģ³⣬ͿԷ֦ͷˣ

һ㶣ĽӰĪֵŭ˵

ĽӰ˵ͻˣܻӵһμ͵͵һӰǳרĳƺҲˣǷţȷԼû⣬ȷʵӰ˵˭ģӽҵģ

ĽӰĲƽֻһˡ

첻ĽӰС

ţĺˡӰ᣿

һǣط֣šԼԼͲ⣬һĽӰϰ£ȻΪԼڹȥϰߵؾķʽ

ʲᶼ޷ˡ

ĽӰһ˿ڣסϹȥ

״Ҳʲ⣬æعȥ

߿ĽӰһŭ𣬳Ķ

Ե˱飬ĽӰĿ΢΢һۡ

ԼĽӰȵȥ

һַĲƣǰۿ

ĽӰֺһ˿ڵ

ⲻ̣á߾ˣ˵һһͷ˳ȥ

ĽӰ˫ֳڵ棬ϢϢʹһܻʹ֮˵ĽŲҲûؾͶ˺𣺡㻹

Ӧһͯ硭

ĽӰ͵̧ͷ޹ֱŵòǰ

иº͵㰡ϴˣǹġ

ؿڣˡתԲ۾е㵣ǣ磬㷽ڶ᣿

ĽӰһǸƺŭ⣺Ǹͱ磡

еĪطشɺãɻΪʲ᣿簡

ĽӰһؿڣһʱ˵

˵ȻӱˣŶֻۣ֮ԣûģ

ĽӰɴ˷Ŀþץļ򣺡˵ʲᣡ˵һΣ



31

ܹܡĲá˯񷿾Ϳˡⲻ˼˵

ᶼû취˵ܹǵȥ˯ĽɽׯСʲᶼǣ˵ֶûУסרдĿͷأ

ܹɫģ˵ҵְ𣬼ȻׯѣӦס

ҡͷǲѡ

ܹȴЦˣѣȴౣĽݼϵѣ㡣

ƿԡ

ܹ΢΢ЦǷǳؿǰ˵С㣬Ƥ񵽲Уڿͷ˯ľܹܽжвѡ

ʱĽӰӹܹԱ߽һЩܹܿһۣ˼Ŀ⿴Ī©һġ

ȥܹܲſڣׯҽȥš

ܹܴ˿ڰƣԴȥ֮ᣬͼûôд⣬ĽӰǴڷ㲻ŻĹ񣬶ڷɡɼĽӰһĵλ

ܹǼοЩпοĽӰ춿Դ߳пҲĽӰҪҲǸˡ

ܹܲƴǣӲǽ

Ů׼˲ȣ̸Ǵеñȣһ۾ͿӵĲɫͷʹǶᰮ˷أǡǽΪθ

ĽӰλɫԵرǰ࣬Ҳ¶΢Ц

΢ЦĽӰûзŹܵղУڵ

ԭҪĽӰԶĵط£Ͼ𱰱ǶģǰǰڡδͱץסˡؿĽӰǣ֣ؽĽӰߵλ

ĽӰҷȻĽᣬǿƵѹ󷽣һʱǳ֪롣

ĽӰЦˡ

һ仰ҲֹĶе㽩ӲĻӵ

յ˫գãֻصǰˣ

һȻ֪֣

͵ĽӰһۣ뵽ĽӰڻӦûδĽӰ˵

˿ľٶĽӰĿǳעֻѹûзضǰĲˣȡ

ЩԵĲˣ

ӿĸжУͷסˣ⼫ΪпЦЦԼûз֣н⡣

ĽӰЮ˵ѩԳԿ

⿴˿΢Цض꣺ллׯ

֪ҪͲԼ޳

жû῿ӰˣжõʱûиһԹÿĽӰȴһ꣬ÿÿ춼˼尾˿ξ棬ܲ

ĽӰв۵ףÿˣΪġ

Ծؿһӵϡ

𱸵ؿԼĸһۣδĽӰػһЦһҲû顣

˼ſڣ磬Ϊ˱Ķ飬û㣬Щ˲򵥾ȥ

ûٽ硣һͬʱҲȻ뵽ضǱĽӰѵһ飬ٽ˰ɡ

ʵûʲᡣЦ˵ĽׯҲжұӦõģҿûг

Բ˴硭ơ

ĽӰЩҸ˵˱ׯΪʲǲأ

Ϊֶŵ̧ͷ˭֪һ˫Ц۾

⼸ǳճյؿһʱΪԼ˫۾鲻Ҳ㲻



32
 

վϡæ㿪ߣŵ˵

ĽӰȴ֪ģһϲʲڡ

Īؿɻ֪ûϣǿЦЦᣬ㿪ʼԲˡ뷨ǣϿ꣬Ϳˡ

磡иҪร

ðʰɡ

ת飬ƤЦһֱ㲻ҪʫЩѺϰʲĸͷʹŶԽ𣿡

ֵ⣬ǱЦȻޡ

˵꣬ĽӰɫб䣬ͻȻŷԼ˵ʲᣬæȡ

ҲЩġͼ

ȴŹϱı˳ȥãûһᡣƵؿѻݵǰ

磡㿴

ˣβŵͷӹ򿪡

ӳеһ峾ݵӣ㾧ʮǿ˵۾ܸܻڻʱ̵˼ᡣƶѣݷ㣬Ʈߣ裬⼸зɳĴ

ɫᣬǳǳض΢ЦİΡݷصһ꣬⣬Ľͬɶ˻㲻һС

ֲҧԼ¶˵һû

ϲرػᣬЦǸ续Ŷܰ԰ɣ

⼸ɼص˵ͷ

ӲҪעĿǰʵ㲻áеˡ𣿻ߣӦʣ磬֪˭᣿

Ѹٵҡͷڶʲˮް֪

ֽУ׷ɡĽӰȻڣ΢ЦоƶҲ뻭СԡԶӲңӱãҪӣĺǶ׷

Բ岻ʣʧˣһײֻʵءֻŵײײȥ

ſڵķҧָͷʸ磺磬㲻׷𣿡

ĽӰ¶һĨڱصõЦҲ׷ҲӲֻҪңҾаԶ



⼸ӵӻطģڴϵ̲ס¡ĽӰ֪ˣ

⼸ȫڲغϡؼϢֵ̿ץ⽫ԼͷΪͿԶǸˡ

ȴƽʱѾҹˡͷһ˼ȫ亹͵

ȥԼ˵ȭԣʰȥԿԶ㿪ģҡû֤ݣģû

˵Լæʰ

С㡭ĽӰӦòģȥСˣȻСЩǸ⣬ܲˣԼ㲻˶δ֪

ŬֹסָĲһţɵˣãȻͷǱ˲Ƶġ

ˡҪȥģվſڣɺӵƵˣĽӰ˭

ҡæͷϣׯ롭ȥҵܱǸҲǹⲻ𡭡ׯ߰ɣ

༱ٵع˰ΣҲȲĽӰİ仰ʵļֻ̧ͷ鿴

δһ̧ͷ輾ʹһѹѹסԴʹǰ۾һûüͱӰ֡

⾪ȵظеĴռˣ

ĽӰϢǶȥĺ־ֵĽӰϣǵһе˷ڵһǡ

ı񡢵㵽ΪֹĽӰεݷ㵹еİܸоĽӰʧõϲá

á˱תѹģͬ籩ϯһУ˽ҺϢͨѹƣʱͻȻֹ˰㣬ֻڵ߸оԼıĽӰգ°С



33

ׯأĶˣʹȫƿһĽӰ˿̵ʵ̫ˣ

ĽӰûϵƿһʱЩǱԼ޷Ԥϵ𾪡

ǣѪڣƿĽӰͷȥ

վסһ˫סᳶĽӰҲŭȻǳ⣬ΪҪܾң֪ûȢףһֻһˣΪ㻹ҪҾ⣿

ŵϾ⣬û

ĽӰ״Խһ뻳У̰ζֵȻ˰ĵĸоֻϿҵΪ֮ŷҪǸˣһֱͽߡ

һ㶣øȻЧá

ٶˣľܾģĽӰ˵ҲͲ˰ɣҪȻ̬ȸı죡Ȼ֮ĸ鲻ΪҪƭ˵ֵ֮飡ĽӰѵͱȲһ֣

ίԸʾǣǱȲϴ磡ԸϴҲԸ㣡

δĽӰȻһɨϲ۾ڷ⡣

ˣ⣡

һʱ䷴Ӧ㶵ؿĽӰֱףعŭߵĽӰȻԸǺۣŭԼȻ

ĽӰǣøƵģס֡ססڣ

ĽӰߣ⼸Ҫ̰Ⱨýأߵܹ㣡ҵĶҾԲ֣

һʹ᲻ĽӰ˿еĸдأ

˺Ŀʣһ᣿Ӱ

һ׷ˣϲòԣСûԵʲᶼֻ˶Ӱĸ顣ӰϲҪǴһҵĸ飬ǡΪɾͿԱѵġ⣬Ǽ̳⣬ӰҲͰˣһĸ飬Ҫ

Ӱȴû㡣

ҪԣԶԶڼ֮ᡣ

һ𣬼̳⡢׵۹⻹Ǵڣ޿ɱһҪѡ

ӰѾûΡ

ǡǲܵġⲻ˺Ǭ׵˵塣

Ϊʲ᣿ĽӰģ㲻Ұ𣿡

֪㰮ҡⴹۣǡԣ㲻Ǹϵˡ

ͬΪʧȥʧȥһУӰС

ĽӰʱһϣر˵ˡ֪ʲᡭǰҲԣҲ㶼ΪҶΪʲҲУ

ɴۣӰ

ĽӰ˾룬Ƶףһκ᣿Ҳѹ

ⱻҪͷֹ

Եģϵ֣е̣Ҳ㡭ǰұΪŮ޲ֻͬҪమɣǡĽҵļ̳ˡ

ĽӰõشĻ㻹ǲң

ĿⰧˣɬҡҡͷҲš

ĽӰ̾Ϣرס֪ǰңһλͺãһΣȱ뿪ҡ

⾲ΥͻȻֵĸоеĽӰϵЩʪϸһؿѪ

Ӱ

ĽӰһҡΣϥأؿڵԵ״ѡ

һǷŵƾɵģѣǵطʣ㡭᲻˵

˵ˣһƿ

ҲϣΪβŽҡĽӰЦҸáˡ



34

пɬУȴоһ˿ůܼĽӰߡԼİµʱѾˣĽӰϣˣ˲ʹࣿ

Ӱᣬһλ֣ʮְ˵

ĽӰĻ裬ţ

ȥˡҶ֪ǻزǰˡ

ҲǰǸ⣬ֻҪĽӰżһ㰮һעͻɶ˻ȼվİ鶼Ҫһ𡣲жۣжƣֻҪĽӰһЦжֱǰѾˣûֳ徢Ըȼա

ĽӰˣҡ򣺡⻰ʲ˼㲻᣿

̧ĿؿһһټᶨصǡҲˡ

ĽӰɫ䣬һƿ⣬ŵܡܣ㻹ҵģǰסǴԼ񡭡Ķң㻹ңƭң

ѵҡҡġûٰˡŹҰɣӰİҡ

ҲſĽӰ

ӵڻУĽӰϣԶȥͲ뿪ġ˽⣬֮£ΪˣĽݼΣյƣȥЩ⽫ջȥҲʲᶼ¡

ӰĽӰʧɫӵԼҲʹ

ǿԡֺγϣԭһĭĻ类ɱĲܹٱĽӰһΡֻº¡Ҳʣһǲ԰

֪ġǸ۵ˡֻҪ϶ûĿܣһνҵʱҾ˵ѡ񲻽ҡ˺ҡ

ȴ˺ۡ

ĽӰ׵Ļ£ǹ˵ģѳΪԶʡ

ĽӰסˡ

뵽˾Ŀ⣬Ȼؿһ֪Ȣ׵ˡ죬˳ܽǱ͵ĳ¶ãȻţ֪˸߲ҵҪط꣬ͻȻľҲѹʧˡ
 

ĽӰһοַһеı飬ȫʧȥˣʱ򿴼ͷȥʶض׷һ̣ŷ޷޶ԣ֮ǰһֱԺΪܿסŮ˽飬ŻǸϣһʧǧźޣԼ˳ȥ

ᣬֻһΡ

ĽӰȻϣ˽⡭ǵģٽġ

ǡ

ĽӰսȭͷ飬ûʧܹţĳġģ򲻶⡣˿̣ҪǣȰ£ܹĳ⡣

ĽӰڴ߳һѽ⾪ɵĿ£ĽӰģڼһ

ӰǰȥֹֻѪ

Ȼĳ⻹ǵʾлĽӰ΢ЦҵԶã뿪ĻһỮϸࡣ

⾪ɲвң

ĽӰһмᡣ

ĽӰȴؿˮĿ£ⲻڵرܿ۾ȴ㲻˵һƬġ

£᲻ҶĽӰ󣬡¡ΪʲᣬֻҪ£һһķ½ҡ

ҵҡͷ˵ԼܡҲٽܵġ

ĽӰ״æǰץס˫֣⡭ƭԼлҡ

ǿԼ죿ҲȢס½㣬Ҳ㡭

ĽӰһϲæ֪һģԲе֣߳

ǡԴˣһΣĽǲһֳģΪҶ

ĽӰϣɣƲۡǻʱһ׸

㾹ȻҪ˽㣿

ĽӰҡͷؿİˣˣҲ롭ҿԵȴĺӳ󣬵ʱǲĽݼҵѪ׼̳᣿

˵

Ȼˡ

ѵǷ֣ĽӰҲ⣬Ȣ᣿

еļж˫ĿˮͷΡ

ĽӰȴӣͷⷺģ¡Ҳбˣӽᣬҵȫģһ˵ġ

÷̣ؿʲҲ޷ˡ

Ӱһ¶ǵ˵黰

ǰֻһһͷȣûһ졣

춵ȵˡȴβп

һ㿴жమ㡭ĽӰصȻᡭҲŻ㡣֮ǰҾԲء

պ졣

˵顭Ҳء



35

ӣ⿴˸ȫµĽӰ

ļĽӰǵġº͵ģ˱һξ룬Ĵ߰κ˷УƺûʲѧҵҪڣÿһţĽӰϾͳǰ

꺮ůǻ⼸ҪΪǰǻ

ĽӰ⼸֤˵ƤʵǿԴ򲻴ģؾܾЩʱ仹ᱻרŪЩŭĽӰȴЦЦؽܣŭݷ𡭡һбˣԵԼ

ÿÿ뵽ĽӰδãͻȻĽӰͻϣôߡ

ڡ

žؽϣסƢĽׯȻҪҩɷſ֣

ĽӰδţԹԵ⵭㡣ķʲǰֹﻹ޹󣬸˴£ǶĽӰԣһãܹ룬ܶ

ǿ˫ۻϣϵƣĽӰһ˵᣿

Ҳ֪Լģ֮˵ĽӰ˿Ѫشҩһ̤ţ۾һѾúõĽӰĻУҲӲ˵ˣֱܱȡ

Ȼãյҩ

ĽӰսļձߣϣ᣿תͿˡĽӰֽӻ˱ߣض

˽ӽľ룬ֹˮҲɫ΢졣

Ღǰ˵ķĽӰڼձߵķᣬид࣬˭޷ţΪҲԵص˾Ȼ³ǰ˸֡࣬ĽӰֻ֪˵ǳ⣬ŵһУԸ

ѲٷԼ֣ȴϸȥĽӰֻԼ¡廹жţҪǱ֪类׽ȥԴ˶ԣҲǱ뷨Ϊ⣬ҲԸ￴

֮ˡأ

ĳ⡣

һӰеˡ

Ц춶ЦĽӰʲֻƵһ

İĽӰ˼гЦˣ

ǲҩҾҪˡҧ͵͸ˡʵͿס˰ɣ

ĽӰæһʹкãҿˣ⡭

ɣ

ȻԼеĻڶĽӰĸо⻹ǸׯصĽׯ

㡭ĽӰƿ

ĽӰЦ뻳ҡ᣿

ҡʵĽӰûðɣԹԵر𶯣Ҳܰҩ

ɫ࣬ĽӰҲЦݣá

С¾ɵĲڿѾ̵˿ᣬģ鲻Խ¶ĵЦһΪ֣ÿһЦĽӰоͻȼϤĻ桭ȻʲᣬĽӰε

ĽӰǸˣҲй£ʮֺߣʹȻû󣬿ĽӰͬԵءǲܱ˵Ըÿ룬ͻӵÿÿһֳ׽ľٶ֪ᷢʲ¡

ȻĽӰ鶯ȴûֹˣֻǱעʱ򡭡͵㣬ȴӲأǰӦģûǿľٶ

Դˣⲻ˵ûĶ˽ҪĽӰ߰ͣҪļ֣ҲܸܵĽӰ⡣

ģҪһ𡣹ƽضԴǰĸ࣬ݷҲҪƵģۣоԼǱԴ



36

ڹһ׳ᣬĽӰͲסⰧ񣬴ӦЩ

˵ԶԶĽӰ̵ֻ飬ԼĽӰ˯ǰ˯£Щ˵һ㶼ͻÿٵ飬ͬԷӻвˣ꺮ůֱҪ۹ĽӰٶˡ

ĽӰﱾͲˡЩҵļޡ

ǡ⻹˵

ĽӰϣ̶ؿţٱңһۡ

ԼĽݼУ˶ʱ⣬뻽ţۡĽӰϣвҪ뿪֮ᣬٲҲôӦ

ִء

ؿֻðĻ̻ضӣܳȥԹԵĽӰĹ

ԭ㱵ΪһǻȥһϷһᣬ˽ֹؾȹҲ

û뵽ת֮죬ֲûԤ£ⱻܹܸ֪ãģ

ԭƣʲʶأסС㡢Ӱʹ֮⣬벻Щ˳˴ڸУͣ硭ǰЩӲŸͨţ˵úףء

ҲԶزȥˡһǰѾڴˡˣ˸壬ҲԵɺ»صϵ˻ΪҲӲĽӰˡ

ϲΰܿص˴á

һ֮Եġ࣬ûǴλӦǻ֡

ȻǾȵģɵֹ

£Ƶߣš

ǡԺصֹĳкҪ£

ǱĻﾪˣΪһЦѾǹˡ

ѾɻˡæǱǸˡ

ඨؿã̾Ϣ࡭

ʱЩ֪롣Ȳʶֲ˽ǰŵ£ʲʧǸĽӰͽ鷳ᡣάάŵŵأֻεЦʲỰҲҶ˵

˶ԿãͻȻģסġ

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ĽӰһֱûж۶ûһⲻ

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뿪ڣӦһȴֲɵֵǣĻȫû



37

ǹ淴룡

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ĽӰǯ򦣬ͷܾͣȻƽһ㼤飬ֻеһѹĽӰˣ⴫ݵģζ˿ɬӰˣ

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⿪ٶȸҧǣֻΪ˲ĽӰӣɵ󡣱۾еظоĽӰϵ彥

ˡɡ⼸ǷͻȻأĽӰĶֹͣˣɵƴʱ״

ĽӰȥ·ǻ̬ȾһջĽӰķĿؾãĿĵطù

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ĽӰķһֻüķǰġü˵Ҫһӣ㲻ᷴڡ

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ȻĽӰָָմʪľٶ̾Ϣ۾׼ܸʹãûиоĽӰĴۣȴˣ

ĽӰһ߳ܵأȴּأԼָѨģɿǵ٣æӰ㡭㡭ᡭ

ĽӰߣҲػ⶯ؽᡭ

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38

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ĽӰչգֿص⡭һۡιҰɡ

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ǡҡҡιˡߣСĵҨ˿࣬ᣬ͵ߡ

ĽӰҲԹԵسˣ֪ʮ㲻Ϊ˵ҲЦᷴⲻ˼أ

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Ҳ֪ĽӰ˼ɣƫƫ޷ֻֿյûʵõرʾĲ


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Ȼ֪˵ѣĽӰһ书ΪǵС˶ǲطסʣСؿ




39

òװĽӰĲȷˣŰСУϷš

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39

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꣬֩ĹâβסӴˣʼ׷

ͱ֪Ĳͬ׷ǹ⣬ӰԶǰͷңɼΡ





 
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